33. Purification and analysis of organic compounds
34. Nomenclature of Organic compounds
35. Reaction Mechanisms
36. Hydrocarbons
37. Haloalkanes (Alkyl halides)
38. Alcohol, Phenol and Ether
39. Aldehyde and Ketones
40. Carboxylic acids
41. Compounds conatining Nitrogen
42. Polymers
43. Chemistry in daily life
44
Inorganic chemistry
23. Alkaline metals
1. Which of the following reagent is used as purgative?
[IOM 2003]
MgSO4
CaSO4
(NH4)2SO4
FeSO4
(a) MgSO4 (Epsom salt) is commonly used as a laxative.
2. Anhydrous calcium chloride can be used as
[IOM 2001]
Oxidizing-agent
Reducing agent
Dehydrating agent
Bleaching agent
(c) Anhydrous CaCl2 is a strong desiccant (drying agent).
3. Dead burnt plaster is
[IOM]
CaSO4·2H2O
MgSO4·7H2O
CaSO4·1/2H2O
CaSO4
(d) Dead burnt plaster is anhydrous calcium sulfate (CaSO4).
4. Atomic number of calcium is
[IOM 2000]
11
20
40
19
(b) Calcium has atomic number 20 in the periodic table.
5. Slaked lime is
[IOM 1999]
Ca(OH)2
Ca
CaCO3
None
(a) Slaked lime is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
6. Dolomite is the ........ form of magnesium.
[IOM 1999/1993]
Carbonate
Sulphate
Oxide
Chloride
(a) Dolomite is MgCO3·CaCO3 (double carbonate).
7. The setting of plaster of paris is accompanied with.
[IOM 1996]
Hydrolysis
Hydration
Dehydration
Efflorescence
(b) Plaster of Paris (CaSO4·1/2H2O) sets by hydration to form gypsum.
8. Calcium carbonate on heating in a kiln gives
[BPKIHS]
Quick lime
Clinker
Lime motar
Slumy
(a) CaCO3 → CaO (quicklime) + CO2 on heating.
9. Portland cement does not contain
[BPKIHS]
Silica
CaO
Alumina (Al2O3)
Cadmium
(d) Portland cement contains CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, etc. but not cadmium.
10. What is the product when: CaSO4·2H2O is heated at 200°C
[BPKIHS]
CaSO4·1/2H2O
CaSO4
SO3
CaO
(a) Heating gypsum at 200°C produces plaster of Paris (CaSO4·1/2H2O).
11. Plaster of Paris is
[KU 2002]
CaSO4
2CaSO4·H2O
CaSO4·H2O
2CaSO4·1/2H2O
(d) The correct formula is (CaSO4)2·H2O or 2CaSO4·1/2H2O.
12. Calcium is extracted by the electrolysis of
[IOM]
CaCl2 solution
CaSO4 solution
Fused CaCl2 solution
Fused Ca3(PO4)2
(c) Calcium is extracted by electrolysis of molten CaCl2.
13. Magnesium burns in air to give
[IOM 1993, I.E. 2004]
MgO
Mg3N2
MgCO3
MgO and Mg3N2
(d) Mg burns to form both MgO (with O2) and Mg3N2 (with N2).
14. All of the following components react with water. The pair that yield the same gaseous product is
[IE]
K and KO2
Na and Na2O2
Ca and CaH2
Ba and BaO2
(c) Both Ca + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2 and CaH2 + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + 2H2 produce H2 gas.
15. Strongest reducing agents among the following is
[MOE]
Ba
Be
Ca
Mg
(a) Ba has the lowest ionization energy and is the strongest reducing agent.
16. Which of the following ion is likely to have largest hydration energy?
[KU]
Na+
K+
Ca2+
Mg2+
(d) Mg2+ has the smallest size and highest charge density, leading to maximum hydration energy.
17. Chemical name for hydrolith is
[IE]
Sodium hydride
Potassium hydride
Calcium hydride
Magnesium hydride
(c) Hydrolith is the trade name for calcium hydride (CaH2).
18. Magnalium is the alloy (mixture) of
[BPKIHS]
Mg + Al + Cu
Mg + Al
Mg + Al + Ca
Mg + Cu + Ni
(b) Magnalium is an alloy of magnesium and aluminum.
19. A colourless salt gives brick red colour in Bunsen flame it may be
[BPKIHS 2004]
Na2CO3
K2CO3
CaCO3
BaCO3
(c) Calcium compounds give brick red flame color.
20. Dolomite is
[IOM 1993]
MgSO4·7H2O
MgCO3
MgCO3·CaCO3
CaCO3
(c) Dolomite is MgCO3·CaCO3.
21. Alkaline earth metals are
[MOE - Curriculum]
Na and K
Mg and Ca
Cu and Ag
Al and Fe
(b) Group 2 elements (Mg, Ca, etc.) are alkaline earth metals.
22. Which compound is obtained by passing CO2 gas into the limewater for a long time?
[MOE 2062]
CaCO3
Ca(HCO3)2
Ca(OH)2
CaO
(b) Excess CO2 converts CaCO3 to soluble Ca(HCO3)2.
23. CaSO4·2H2O is ....
[KU 2008]
Epsum salt
Gypsum salt
Anhydrite
Plaster of paris
(b) Gypsum is CaSO4·2H2O.
24. What is the % of Ca in CaCO3?
[KU 2004]
40
60
100
20
(a) Atomic mass of Ca = 40, CaCO3 = 100 → 40% Ca.
25. Thermally most stable alkaline earth metal carbonate is
[BPKIHS]
MgCO3
CaCO3
SrCO3
BaCO3
(d) Stability increases down the group: BaCO3 is most stable.
26. Which is the chemical form of Epsom salt?
[KU 2003]
CuSO4·5H2O
(NH4)2·Al2(SO4)3·6H2O
FeSO4·7H2O
MgSO4·7H2O
(d) Epsom salt is MgSO4·7H2O.
27. The alkaline earth metal that exhibits apple green colour to the Bunsen flame when introduced in the form of chloride is
[Indian Embassy]
Ba
Sr
Mg
Ca
(a) Ba2+ gives apple green flame color.
28. Which of the following is the weakest base.
[KU 2004]
Mg(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
NaOH
KOH
(a) Mg(OH)2 is the weakest base among alkaline earth hydroxides.
29. Which of the following is strongest base
[I.E. 2007]
Al(OH)3
Ba(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
Sr(OH)2
(b) Ba(OH)2 is the strongest base among these.
30. Principle components of limestone is
[I.E. 2006]
CaO
CaCO3
Na2CO3
Ca(OH)2
(b) Limestone is primarily calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
1. Which of the following has maximum Ionization energy?
[Bihar C.E.E. 2002]
Ba → Ba+ + e−
Be → Be+ + e−
Ca → Ca2+ + 2e−
Mg → Mg2+ + 2e−
(d) Mg has a higher ionization energy than Ca due to its smaller atomic size and greater nuclear attraction on valence electrons.
2. As the alkaline earth metals (except Be) tend to lose their valence electrons readily, they act as
[Kerala M.E.E. 2002]
weak oxidizing agents
weak reducing agents
strong oxidizing agents
strong reducing agents
(d) Alkaline earth metals (except Be) easily lose electrons to form cations, making them strong reducing agents.
3. As the nuclear charge increases from neon to calcium, the orbital energies
[Kerala M.E.E. 2002]
increase very rapidly
increase very slowly
increase
fall
(c) As we move from neon to calcium, the orbital energies increase due to increased nuclear charge and electron shielding.
4. Alkaline earth metals show typical characteristics of
Inner transition elements
Noble gases
Representative elements
Transition elements
(c) Group IIA elements are s-block elements and exhibit the general properties of representative elements.
5. Which of the following statements is/are NOT TRUE about the diagonal relationship of Be and Al? i. Both react with NaOH to liberate Hydrogen ii. Their oxides are basic iii. They are made passive by nitric acid iv. Their carbides given acetylene on treatment with water
[Kerala Medical 2006]
only (i), (ii)
(ii) and (iii)
only (iv)
(i) and (iv)
(e) (ii) and (iv) are not true — their oxides are amphoteric, not basic; and only Be2C gives methane with water, not acetylene.
6. Alkaline earth metals (group IIA elements) differ from group IIB elements in the electronic configuration of their
Antipenultimate shell
Innermost shell
Outermost shell
Penultimate shell
(c) Group IIA elements have 2 valence electrons in s-orbital, while group IIB have d-electrons; they differ in outermost shell configuration.
7. The charge/size ratio of a cation determines its polarizing power. Which one of the following sequences represents the increasing order of the polarizing power of the cationic species: K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Be2+?
[A E 2007]
Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Be2+ < K+
Mg2+ < Be2+ < K+ < Ca2+
Be2+ < K+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+
K+ < Ca2+ < Mg2+ < Be2+
(d) Be2+ has the smallest size and highest charge/size ratio, giving it the greatest polarizing power.
8. The set representing the correct order of ionic radius is
[AIEEE 2009]
Na+ > Li+ > Mg2+ > Be2+
Li++ > Na+ > Mg2+ > Be2+
Mg2+ > Be2+ > Li+ > Na+
Li+ > Be2+ > Na+ > Mg2+
(a) As nuclear charge increases and electrons are removed, the ionic radius decreases: Na+ > Mg2+ > Be2+.
9. Beryllium and aluminium exhibit many properties which are similar, but the two elements differ in
[AIIMS 2010]
maximum covalency in compounds
exhibiting amphoteric nature in their oxides
forming covalent halides
forming polymeric hydrides
(a) Beryllium has a maximum covalency of 4, while aluminium can show covalency up to 6 due to availability of d-orbitals.
10. Density is the highest for
Mg
Ca
Sr
Be
(c) Among the given options, Strontium (Sr) has the highest density.
11. Which of the following is used in producing neutrons?
Ra
Ba
Sr
Be
(a) Beryllium is used as a neutron source in nuclear reactors due to its (α,n) reaction with alpha particles.
12. Which of the following is used as a scavenger in metallurgy?
Be
Mg
Ca
Sr
(b) Magnesium is used as a scavenger to remove oxygen and sulfur impurities in metallurgy.
13. In comparison to alkali, alkaline earth metals are
less reactive
less reducing
less basic
all the three
(d) Alkaline earth metals are less reactive, less basic, and less reducing than alkali metals due to higher ionization energies.
14. Which of the following has lowest oxidation potential?
[C.P.M.T. 1990]
Be
Mg
Ca
Ba
(a) Beryllium has the lowest tendency to lose electrons, thus the lowest oxidation potential.
15. Property of the alkaline earth metals that increases with their atomic number is
[AIPMT 2010, UPCPMT 2010]
electronegativity
ionization energy
solubility of their sulphates in water
solubility of their hydroxides in water
(d) The solubility of hydroxides of alkaline earth metals increases down the group due to decreasing lattice energy.
16. The solubilities of carbonates decrease down the magnesium group due to decrease in
[AIEEE 2003]
lattice energies of solids
hydration energies of cations
inter-ionic attraction
entropy of solution formation
(b) Hydration energy decreases more significantly than lattice energy down the group, leading to lower solubility.
17. The right order of solubility of sulphates of alkaline earth metals in water is
[DPMT 2004, AMU Med. 2010]
Be > Ca > Mg > Ba > Sr
Mg > Be > Ba > Ca > Sr
Be > Mg > Ca > Sr > Ba
Mg > Ca > Ba > Be > Sr
(c) Solubility of sulphates decreases down the group due to lower hydration energies: Be > Mg > Ca > Sr > Ba.
18. The solubility in water of sulphates down the Be group is Be > Mg > Ca > Sr > Ba. This is due to
[CBSE 1995]
increase in melting points
decreasing lattice energy
increasing molecular weight
high heat of solvation for smaller ions like Be2+
(d) Smaller ions like Be2+ have high hydration enthalpy which increases solubility of their salts.
19. The set representing the correct order of first ionization potential is
[I.I.T. Screening 2001]
K > Na > Li
Be > Mg > Ca
B > C> N
Ge > Si > C
(a) First ionization potential decreases down the group: Be > Mg > Ca.
20. Which one of the alkaline earth metals shows some anomalous behaviour and has the same electronegativity as aluminium?
Be
Sr
Ca
Be
(a) Beryllium shows anomalous behaviour and has similar electronegativity and diagonal relationship with aluminium.
21. Of the metals Be, Mg, Ca and Sr of group IIA in the periodic table the least ionic chloride would be formed by
Be
Mg
Ca
Sr
(a) Beryllium chloride is covalent due to small size and high polarizing power of Be2+.
22. Which of the following ions forms highly soluble hydroxide in water?
K+
Zn2+
Al3+
Ca2+
(d) Calcium hydroxide is more soluble in water compared to Be and Mg hydroxides.
23. The chemical composition of carnallite is
[EAMCET Engg. 2006]
KCl·MgCl2·6H2O
MgSO4·7H2O
MgCO3·CaCO3
MgCO3
(a) Carnallite is a double salt of potassium and magnesium chloride with water of crystallization.
24. Electrolysis of KCl·MgCl2·6H2O gives
[KCET 1993, KCET 2003]
potassium only
magnesium only
magnesium and chlorine
potassium and magnesium
(c) During electrolysis, Mg2+ is reduced and Cl− is oxidized: magnesium and chlorine are obtained.
25. Which one of the following processes is used for the manufacture of calcium?
[IIT JEE 2008]
Reduction of CaO with carbon
Reduction of CaO with hydrogen
Electrolysis of a mixture of anhydrous CaCl2 and CaF2
Electrolysis of molten
(c) Calcium is manufactured by electrolyzing molten CaCl2 with CaF2 to lower melting point.
26. The highly efficient method of obtaining beryllium is
Reduction of beryllium halide with magnesium
Reduction of beryllium oxide with carbon
Electrolysis of fused beryllium chloride
Dissociation of beryllium carbide
(a) Beryllium is efficiently obtained by reducing its halides (like BeCl₂) with magnesium.
27. Metallic magnesium is prepared by
[BVP Pune 2002, IIT Screening 2002]
Reduction of MgO by coke
Electrolysis of aqueous solution of
Displacement of Mg by iron from MgSO₄ solution
Electrolysis of molten MgCl₂
(d) Magnesium is prepared by electrolyzing molten MgCl₂, not from aqueous solution due to its high reactivity.
28. The number of covalent bonds formed by beryllium is
[Manipal PMT 2001]
2
4
1
3
(a) Beryllium typically forms 2 covalent bonds, as in BeCl₂.
29. Talc is an ore of
Mg
Ca
Na
None of these
(a) Talc is a hydrated magnesium silicate, thus an ore of magnesium.
30. The metal that can be extracted from sea water is
Cs
Ca
Mg
All the above
(d) Sea water contains magnesium, calcium, and small amounts of cesium.
31. Which of the following is not an ore of Mg?
[Karnataka Medical 2006]
Carnallite
Dolomite
Calamine
Sea water
(c) Calamine is an ore of zinc, not magnesium.
32. The correct order of increasing ionic character is
BeCl₂ < MgCl₂ < CaCl₂ < BaCl₂
BeCl₂ < MgCl₂ < BaCl₂ < CaCl₂
BeCl₂ < BaCl₂ < MgCl₂ < CaCl₂
BaCl₂ < CaCl₂ < MgCl₂ < BeCl₂
(a) Ionic character increases down the group with increasing size and decreasing polarizing power.
33. Magnesium is present in
[MHT CET 2000, MP PET 2002]
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
Haemoglobin
Chlorophyll
Vitamin B₁₂
(c) Magnesium is the central metal atom in chlorophyll.
34. Which of the following is used as an antacid?
MgO
MgSO₄
MgCO₃
Mg(OH)₂
(d) Milk of magnesia (Mg(OH)₂) is used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid.
35. Calcium sulphate is sparingly soluble in
[J&K CET 2007]
Benzene
Alcohol
Water
Acetic acid
(c) Calcium sulphate (CaSO₄) is sparingly soluble in water.
36. BaSO₄ is water insoluble although it is an ionic compound because of
[IIT JEE 2007]
Low lattice energy
High bond energy
Lattice energy is more than solvation energy
Solvation energy is more than lattice energy
(c) BaSO₄ is insoluble due to high lattice energy exceeding solvation energy.
37. Among the following, the compound that is readily soluble in water is
[J&K 2011]
BeSO₄
CaSO₄
SrSO₄
BaSO₄
(a) BeSO₄ is soluble due to small ionic radius and high hydration energy of Be²⁺.
38. Which of the alkaline earth metal hydroxides is least soluble?
[J&K CEE 2007]
Be(OH)₂
Mg(OH)₂
Sr(OH)₂
Ba(OH)₂
(a) Be(OH)₂ is least soluble due to high lattice energy and low hydration energy.
39. Among the following NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, KOH and Zn(OH)₂, the strongest base is
[Pb PMT 1998]
NaOH
Ca(OH)₂
KOH
Zn(OH)₂
(c) KOH is a strong alkali and ionizes completely in water, making it the strongest base among the options.
40. Which one of the following is most basic?
[KCET 1993]
NaOH
Ca(OH)₂
KOH
Zn(OH)₂
(c) KOH is the most basic due to complete dissociation and high concentration of OH⁻ ions.
41. Among the following the least thermally stable is
[J&K CET 2009]
BaCO₃
MgCO₃
CaCO₃
SrCO₃
(b) MgCO₃ is the least thermally stable due to small cation size, leading to easier decomposition.
