1. Health Promotion and Education
    2. 1. Introduction
    2. Health Education in Health and Medical Care Settings (HMCS)
    3. Patient Health Education Counseling, Planning and Facilitating
    4. Methods and Media of Health Educaiton or Counseling in Medical Care Setting
    5. Communication in Patient Education Process
  2. Family Health and Nutrition
    3. 6. Food and Nutrition
    7. Nutriotional Problems
    8. Nutriotional Assessment
    9. Miscellaneous
    10. Concept of Family Health
    11. Child Health
    12. Adolescent Health
    13. Reproductive Health
    14. Maternal Health
    15. Ageing and Health
  3. Environmental and Occupational Health
Family Health and Nutrition
15. Ageing and Health
AGING
definition
Ageing is the process of becoming older, a process that is genetically determined and environmentally modulated.
characteristcs
  1. Normal inevitable biological phenomenon.
  2. Represents accumulation of chnages in a human being over time encompassing physical, psychological and social change.
  3. Reaction time slow with age
  4. Wisdom expands
healthy_ageing
lifestyle_factors_affecting_ageing
exercise
  1. Improves well being and relieves stress.
  2. Improves blood circulation
  3. Helps to maintain weight
  4. Increases flexibility
  5. Lowers blood pressure, increases energy levels.
  6. Improves bone density, increases energy levels.
diet_and_nutrition
avoid
  1. Excessive fat
include
  1. Less saturated fat and oils
  2. Lots of fruits, vegetables and high fibre
  3. Less salt and sugar
weight
  1. Overweight and obesity are major concerns.
  2. Contributes to heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes.
smoking
  1. Likely to have chronic disease and deterioration.
alcohol_intake
social_activities
health_problems
physical_disorders
  1. Hypertension
  2. Arthritis
  3. Respiratory disease (Emphysema)
  4. Cholesterol disorders
  5. Heart disease
  6. Eye disorders (Senile cataract, Glaucoma)
  7. Asthma
  8. Diabetes
  9. Osteoporosis
mental_disorders
  1. Alzheimer disease
  2. Depression
  3. Dementia
  4. Delirium
solution
  1. Provision of lifestyle and nutritional education.
  2. Establish and manage old-age home.
  3. Enhance palliative care in hospital centers.
  4. Development of geriatric ward in all hospital
  5. Enforcement of 'Senior citizens act' to ensure socail, economic and human rights.
  6. Moral education on elders and their status should be incorporated in the educational curriculum of schools and colleges.
  7. Every individual should be encouraged to provide the best care and opportunities to elderly citizens.
CONTRACEPTION
definition
Contraception is the prevention of fusion of gametes during or after sexual activity.
etmology
  1. Contra --> Against
  2. Conception --> Fertilization
CONTRACEPTIVE_METHODS
definition
Contraceptive methods are preventive methods to help women avoid unwanted pregnancies. They include all temporary and permanent measures to prevent pregnancy resulting from coitus.
classification
temporary_methods
natural_methods
  1. Basal body temperature
  2. Symptothermic methods
  3. Withdrawl method (Coitus interreptus method)
  4. Cervical mucus method
  5. Breast feeding
barrier_methods
physical_methods
condom
femidom
diaphragm
chemical_methods
creams
Creams, Jellies and Pastes squeezed from a tube
foams
  1. Foam tablets
  2. Foam aerosols
suppositories
Inserted manually
soluble_films
Film inserted manually
intra_uterine_devices
first_generation
  1. Non-medicated
  2. Insert IUDs
second_generation
  1. Copper IUD
  2. Copper T
  3. T Cu 220c
  4. T Cu 380 A or Ag
third_generation
  1. Hormone releasing IUD (Progesterone)
hormonal_methods
oral_pils
  1. Combined pills (Estrogen + Progesterone) (COP)
  2. Progesterone only pills (POP)
  3. Post coital pill (Estrogen diethyl stiblbestrol 50 mg)
  4. Once a month (Long action pill)
depot
Slow releasing formulations
injectables
  1. Depo-provera
  2. Sangini
subcutaneous_implant
  1. Norplants-6
  2. Norplant(R)-2
vaginal_rings
  1. with Levonorgestrol
post_conception_methods
permanent_methods
male_sterilization
  1. Vasectomy
female_sterilization
  1. Minilap
  2. Laproscopy
FAMILY_PLANNING
definition
Family planning implies the ability of individual couples to anticipate and their desired number of children and spacing, and timing of their birth.
benefits
  1. Preventing pregnancy related health risks in woman.
  2. Reducing infant mortality.
  3. Helping to prevent HIV/AIDS.
  4. Reducing the needs for unsafe abortion
  5. Empowering people.
  6. Reducing adolescent pregnancies.
  7. Helps to slow population growth.