1. General Pathology
    2. 1. The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease
    2. Cellular Response to Stress and Toxic Insults
    3. Inflammation and Repair
    4. Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic Disease, and Shock
    5. Genetic Disorders
    6. Diseases of the Immune System
    7. Neoplasia
    8. Infectious Diseases
    9. Environmental and Nutritional Diseases
    10. Diseases of Infancy and Childhood
  2. Systemic Pathology: Diseases of Organ Systems
    3. 11. Blood vessels
    12. The Heart
    13. Diseases of White Blood Cells, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, and Thymus
    14. Red Blood Cell and Bleeding Disorders
    15. The Lung
    16. Head and Neck
    17. The Gastrointestinal Tract
    18. Liver and Gallbladder
    19. The Pancreas
    20. The Kidney
    21. The Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genital System
    22. The Female Genital Tract
    23. The Breast
    24. The Endocrine System
    25. The Skin
    26. Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue Tumors
    27. Peripheral Nerves and Skeletal Muscles
    28. The Central Nervous System
    29. The Eye
Systemic Pathology: Diseases of Organ Systems
21. The Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genital System
THE LOWER URINARY TRACT
Ureters
Congenital anomalies
▢ Double and Bifid ureters:
▢ Ureteropelvic junction (UJ) obstruction:
▢ Diverticula:
Inflammation
▢ Ureteritis follicularis:
▢ Ureteritis cystica:
Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions
Obstructive Lesions
Urinary Bladder
Congenital Anomalies
▢ Vesicoureteral reflux:
▢ Diverticula:
▢ Exstrophy of the bladder:
▢ Urachal anomalies:
Inflammation
Acute and Chronic Cystitis
Special Forms of Cystitis
Metaplastic Lesions
Neoplasms
Urothelial tumors
Mesenchymal tumors
Secondary tumors
Obstruction
Urethra
Inflammation
Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions
THE MALE GENITAL TRACT
Penis
Congenital Anomalies
Hypospadias and Epispadias
Phimosis
Inflammation
Tumors
Benign Tumors
Malignant Tumors
Testis and Epididymis
Congenital Anomalies
Cryptorchidism
Regressive changes
Atrophy and Decreased Fertility
Inflammation
Nonspecific Epididymis and Orchitis
Granulomatous (Autoimune) Orchitis
Specific Inflammations
Vascular Disorders
Torsion
Spermatic Cord and Paratesticular Tumors
Testicular Tumors
Germ Cell Tumors
Tumors of Sex Cord-Gonadal Stroma
Gonadoblastoma
Testicular Lymphoma
Miscellaneous Lesions of Tunica Vaginalis
Prostate
Inflammation
Benign Enlargement
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia or Nodular Hyperplasia
Tumors
Adenocarcinoma
Miscellaneous Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions