1. General
    2. 1. Introduction to Pediatrics
    2. Growth
    3. Development
    4. Developmental and Behavioural Disorders
    5. Adolescent Health and Development
    6. Fluid and Electrolyte disturbances
    7. Nutrition
    8. Micronutrients in Health and Disease
    9. Newborn care
    10. Immunization
    11. Infections and Infestations
    12. Genetic Disorders
    13. Inbor Errors of Metabolism
    14. Inborn Errors of Immunity
  2. Systemic
    3. 15. Diseases of Gastrointestinal System and Liver
    16. Hematological Disorders
    17. Otorhinolaryngology
    18. Disorders of Respiratory System
    19. Disorders of Cardiovascular System
    20. Disorders of Kidney and Urinary tract
    21. Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
    22. Diseases of Central Nervous System
    23. Neuromuscular Disorders
    24. Childhood Malignancies
    25. Rheumatological Disorders
    26. Ophthalmic Disorders
    27. Skin Disorders
  3. Other
    4. 28. Poisonings, Injuries and Accidents
    29. Pediatric Critical Care
    30. Important Medical Procedures
    31. Rights of Children
    32. Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness
    33. Rational Drug Therapy
General
7. Nutrition
INTRODUCTION
FOOD
Macronutrients
Carbohydrates
▢ Functions:
❖ Energy source:
  1. The main source of energy in our body is Glucose derived from starch and sugars present in the diet.
  2. Glucose is used as a fuel by the cells
▢ Classification:
❖ Simple carbohydrates:
◉ Monosaccharides:
◈ Glucose:
■ Source:
  1. Fruits
  2. Vegetables
  3. Honey
◈ Fructose:
■ Source:
  1. Fruits
  2. Vegetables
  3. Honey
◈ Galactose:
■ Source:
    ◉ Disaccharides:
    ◈ Sucrose:
    ■ Source:
    1. Sugar
    ◈ Lactose:
    ■ Source:
    1. Milk
    ❖ Complex carbohydrates:
    ◉ Oligosaccharides:
    ◉ Polysaccharides:
    ◈ Starch:
    ■ Source:
    1. Cereals
    2. Millets
    3. Pulses
    4. Root vegetables
    ▢ Metabolism:
    ❖ Digestion:
    ❖ Absorption:
    ❖ Transportation:
    ▢ Storage:
    1. Glucose is converted to glycogen by liver and muscles.
    2. Excess carbohydrates are coverted to fat.
    ▢ Disorders caused by carbohydrate deficiency:
    1. Ketosis
    2. Loss of weight
    3. Breakdown of proteins
    Fiber
    ▢ Introduction:
    1. Dietary fibers are the non-digestible or unavailable carbohydrates
    2. They are not digested by the enzymes in the gut.
    ▢ Functions:
    1. Normal functioning of gut
    2. Elimination of waste
    3. Bile acid binding capacity
    4. Maintaining the normal intestinal microflora
    ▢ Examples:
    1. Cellulose
    2. Hemicellulose
    3. Pectin
    4. Gums
    5. Mucilage
    6. Lignin
    ▢ Sources:
    1. Cereals
    2. Millets
    3. Vegetables
    4. Fruits
    Proteins
    ▢ Function:
    1. Growth and synthesis of tissues in the body
    2. Formation of
      1. Digestive juices
      2. Enzymes
      3. Hormones
      4. Plasma proteins
      5. Vitamins
      6. Haemoglobin
    3. Act as buffers to maintain acid-base equilibrium in the body
    4. Acts as an alternate source of energy for the body.
    Amino acids
    Fats
    Micronutrients