1. Basic Principles
    2. 1. Metabolic response to injury
    2. Shock, haemorrhage and transfusion
    3. Wound healing and tissue repair
    4. Tissue engineering and regenerative therapies
    5. Surgical infection
    6. Tropical infections and infestations
    7. Basic surgical skills
    8. Diagnostic imaging
    9. Gastrointestinal endoscopy
    10. Principles of minimal access surgery
    11. Tissue and molecular diagnosis
    12. Principles of oncology
    13. Surgical audit and research
    14. Ethics and law in surgical practice
    15. Human factors, patient safety and quality improvement
    16. Surgical Instruments
  2. General Paediatrics
    3. 17. Paediatric surgery
    18. Neonatal surgery
    19. Trauma in children
    20. Paediatric urology
  3. Perioperative care
    4. 21. Preoperative care including the high-risk surgical patient
    22. Day case surgery
    23. Anaesthesia and pain relief
    24. Postoperative care including perioperative optimization
    25. Nutrition and fluid therapy
  4. Trauma
    5. 26. Introduction to trauma
    27. Early assessment and management of severe trauma
    28. Traumatic brain injury
    29. Torso and pelvic trauma
    30. The neck and spine
    31. Maxillofacial trauma
    32. Extremity trauma
    33. Diaster surgery
    34. Conflict surgery
  5. Elective Orthopaedics
    6. 35. History taking and clinical examination in musculoskeletal
    36. Sports medicine and sports injuries
    37. The spine
    38. The upper limb
    39. The hip
    40. The knee
    41. The foot and ankle
    42. Musculoskeletal tumours
    43. Infection of the bones and joints
    44. Paediatric orthopaedics
  6. Skin, Plastic and Reconstructive
    7. 45. Skin and subcutaneous tissue
    46. Burns
    47. Plastic and reconstrutive surgery
  7. Head and Neck
    8. 48. Cranial neurosurgery
    49. The eye and orbit
    50. Developmental abnormalities of the face, mouth and jaws: cleft lip and palate
    51. The ear, nose and sinuses
    52. The pharynx, larynx and neck
    53. Oral cavity cancer
    54. Disorders of the salivary glands
  8. Endocrine and Breast
    9. 55. The thyroid gland
    56. The parathyroid glands
    57. The adrenal glands and other abdominal endocrine glands
    58. The breast
  9. Cardiothoracic
    10. 59. Cardiac surgery
    60. The thorax
  10. Vascular
    11. 61. Arterial disorders
    62. Venous disorders
  11. Abdominal
    12. 63. History and examination of the abdomen
    64. The abdominal wall, hernia and umbilicus
    65. The peritoneum, mesentery, greater omentum and retroperitoneal space
    66. The oesophagus
    67. The stomach and duodenum
    68. Bariatric and metabolic surgery
    69. The liver
    70. The spleen
    71. The gallbladder and bile ducts
    72. The pancreas
    73. Functional disorders of the intestine
    74. The small intestine
    75. Inflammatory bowel disease
    76. The vermiform appendix
    77. The large intestine
    78. Intestinal obstruction
    79. The rectum
    80. The anus and anal canal
  12. Genitourinary
    13. 81. Urinary symptoms and investigations
    82. The kidney and ureter
    83. The urinary bladder
    84. The prostate and seminal vesicles
    85. The urethra and penis
    86. The testis and scrotum
    87. Gynaecology
  13. Transplantation
    14. 88. Kidney transplantation and the principles of transplantation
    89. Liver transplantation
    90. Pancreas transplantation
    91. Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation
    92. Heart and lung transplantation
Skin, Plastic and Reconstructive
45. Skin and subcutaneous tissue
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SKIN
Layers
Epidermis
Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basalis
Dermis
Skin adnexa
▢ Hair follicles:
▢ Hair shaft:
▢ Sebaceous glands:
▢ Arrector pili muscle:
  • •
    Contraction of arrector pili muscle causes
    1. Secretion of sebaceous gland
    2. Elevation of hair follicle
▢ Sweat glands:
Apocrine sweat gland
Eccrine/ Holocrine sweat gland
Mode of secretion
By destruction of parts of apical cytoplasm
Without cellular destruction, by exocytosis from secretory cell into ducts
Site of secretion
Into the hair follicle, leading to surface
Directly over skin surface
Distribution
Entire body surface, except the lips
Axillae and groins
Secretion response
Emotion or thermoregulation
Emotion or hormone secretion
FUNCTIONS OF SKIN
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUES
Radiation damage
▢ Ultraviolet radiation:
▢ Ionizing radiation:
▢ Infrared radiation:
Congenital/ genetic disorders
▢ Neurofibromatosis:
▢ Naevoid cell carcinoma (Gorlin's syndrome):
▢ Xeroderma pigmentosum:
▢ Gardner's syndrome:
▢ Ferguson-smith syndrome:
Cutaneous manifestations of generalised disease
▢ Hyperhidrosis:
▢ Lipodystrophy:
▢ Inframmatory conditions:
❖ Hidradenitis suppurativa:
❖ Pyoderma gangrenosum:
Infections
▢ Impetigo:
▢ Erysipelas:
▢ Cellulitis/ lymphangitis:
▢ Necrotising fasciitis:
▢ Purpura fulminans:
Skin and soft-tissue cysts
▢ Milia:
▢ Epidermal cysts:
SKIN TUMOURS
Benign lesions
▢ Basal cell papilloma (seborrhoeic keratosis, senile keratosis, verruca senilis):
▢ Papillary wart (verruca vulgaris):
▢ Freckle (ephelis):
▢ Lentigo:
▢ Moles/naevi:
❖ Junctional naevus:
❖ Compound naevus:
❖ Intradermal naevus:
❖ Spitz naevus:
❖ Spindle cell naevus:
❖ Halo naevus:
❖ Cafe-au-lait spots:
❖ Naevus spilus (speckled lentignious naevus):
❖ Mongolian spot:
❖ Blue naevus:
❖ Naevi of Ota and Ito:
Hair follicles
▢ Trichoepithelioma:
▢ Pilomatrixoma (calcifying epithelioma of Malharbe):
▢ Trichilemmoma (naevus sebaceous of Jadassohn):
▢ Adenoma sebaceum (tuberous sclerosis, Bourneville disease):
▢ Rhinophyma:
Sweat glands
▢ Cystadenoma (hydrocystadenomas, hidradenomas):
▢ Eccrine poroma (Papillary syringoma):
▢ Cylindroma (turban tumour):
Premalignant lesions
▢ Extramammary paget's disease (intraepidermal adenocarcinoma):
▢ Giant congenital pigmented naevus or giant hairy naevus:
▢ Atypical (dysplastic) naevus:
Malignant lesions
▢ Basal cell carcinoma:
▢ Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma:
▢ Cutaneous malignant melanoma:
▢ Superficial spreading melanoma (SSM):
▢ Nodular melanoms (NM):
▢ Lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM):
▢ Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM):