1. Anatomy
    2. 1.
  2. Physiology
    3. 2.
  3. Pathology
    4. 3. Liver cell cancer
  4. Pharmacology
    5. 4.
  5. Microbiology
    6. 5. Salmonella
    6. Shigella
    7. Escherichia coli
    8. Klebsiella
    9. Proteus
    10. Vibrio cholerae
    11. Clostridia
    12. Hepatitis
    13. Rota
    14. Adeno
    15. Norwalk
    16. Entamoeba histolytica
    17. Giardia lamblia
    18. Coccidian parasites and Cryptosporidium species
    19. Taenia species
    20. Echinococcus granulosus
    21. Heminolepis nana
    22. Ascaris lumbricoides
    23. Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
    24. Enterobius vermicularis
    25. Trichuris trichuria
  6. Biochemistry
    7. 26. Biochemical principles of Nutrition
Pathology
3. Liver cell cancer
CLASSIFICATION
benign
biliary_tumors
  1. Bile duct adenoma (Cholangioma)
mesodermal_tumors
  1. Haemangioma
hepatocellular_tumor
  1. Hepatocellular tumor adeoma (Liver cell adenoma)
malignant
angiosarcoma
  1. Embryonal sarcoma
cholangiocarcinoma
  1. Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
  1. Hepatoblastoma (embryoma)
HEPATO-CELLULAR_CARCINOMA
etiology
  1. Viral infections (HBV - 85%)
  2. Chronic alcoholism
  3. Cirrhosis
  4. Food contaminates (Primary contaminants)
  5. Chemical carcinoma (Butter yellow, nitrosamines)
  6. Hereditary hemochromatosis
morpholoyg
gross
color
  1. Usually paler than the surrounding liver substance
  2. Sometimes take on a green hue when composed of well differentiated bile secreting bile
invasion
Long snake like masses of tumor invade the portal vein.
metastases
Extensive intrahepatic metastases
propensity
All patern of hepatocellular carcinomas have strong propensity for invasion of vascular channels
gross_appearance
  1. Unifocal --> Usually large mass
  2. Multifocal --> Widely distributed nodules of variable size
  3. Diffusely infiltrative --> Permeating widely and sometimes involving the entire liver
microscopic
pattern
poorly_differentiated
pleomorphic_appearance
  1. Numerous anaplastic giant cells
  2. Small and completely undifferentiated cells
  3. Resemble spindle cell sarcoma
well_differentiated_and_moderately_well_differentiated
  1. Trabecular pattern
  2. Acinar pattern
  3. Pseudoglandular pattern
anaplasia
Highly anaplastic lesions
differentiation
Well differentiated
epidemiology
  1. Most common primary hepatic malignant tumor