1. Anatomy
  2. Physiology
  3. Pathology
    4. 1. Liver cell cancer
  4. Pharmacology
  5. Microbiology
    6. 2. Salmonella
    3. Shigella
    4. Escherichia coli
    5. Klebsiella
    6. Proteus
    7. Vibrio cholerae
    8. Clostridia
    9. Hepatitis
    10. Rota
    11. Adeno
    12. Norwalk
    13. Entamoeba histolytica
    14. Giardia lamblia
    15. Coccidian parasites and Cryptosporidium species
    16. Taenia species
    17. Echinococcus granulosus
    18. Heminolepis nana
    19. Ascaris lumbricoides
    20. Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
    21. Enterobius vermicularis
    22. Trichuris trichuria
  6. Biochemistry
    7. 23. Biochemical principles of Nutrition
Pathology
1. Liver cell cancer
CLASSIFICATION
benign
biliary_tumors
  1. Bile duct adenoma (Cholangioma)
mesodermal_tumors
  1. Haemangioma
hepatocellular_tumor
  1. Hepatocellular tumor adeoma (Liver cell adenoma)
malignant
angiosarcoma
  1. Embryonal sarcoma
cholangiocarcinoma
  1. Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
  1. Hepatoblastoma (embryoma)
HEPATO-CELLULAR_CARCINOMA
etiology
  1. Viral infections (HBV - 85%)
  2. Chronic alcoholism
  3. Cirrhosis
  4. Food contaminates (Primary contaminants)
  5. Chemical carcinoma (Butter yellow, nitrosamines)
  6. Hereditary hemochromatosis
morpholoyg
gross
color
  1. Usually paler than the surrounding liver substance
  2. Sometimes take on a green hue when composed of well differentiated bile secreting bile
invasion
Long snake like masses of tumor invade the portal vein.
metastases
Extensive intrahepatic metastases
propensity
All patern of hepatocellular carcinomas have strong propensity for invasion of vascular channels
gross_appearance
  1. Unifocal --> Usually large mass
  2. Multifocal --> Widely distributed nodules of variable size
  3. Diffusely infiltrative --> Permeating widely and sometimes involving the entire liver
microscopic
pattern
poorly_differentiated
pleomorphic_appearance
  1. Numerous anaplastic giant cells
  2. Small and completely undifferentiated cells
  3. Resemble spindle cell sarcoma
well_differentiated_and_moderately_well_differentiated
  1. Trabecular pattern
  2. Acinar pattern
  3. Pseudoglandular pattern
anaplasia
Highly anaplastic lesions
differentiation
Well differentiated
epidemiology
  1. Most common primary hepatic malignant tumor