1. Anatomy
    2. 1. General anatomy
    2. General histology
    3. General embryology
  2. Physiology
    3. 4. Functional Organization and Internal Environment
    5. Cell Membrane and Communication
    6. Bioelectricity
    7. Ageing and Yoga
    8. Blood
  3. Pharmacology
    4. 9. General Pharmacology
    10. Antibacterial agents
    11. Antifungal agents
    12. Antiviral agent
    13. Antimalarial, anti-kalazar and antifilarial drugs
    14. Anticancer drugs
  4. Pathology
    5. 15. Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death
    16. Inflammation and Repair
    17. Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic Disease, and Shock
    18. Neoplasia
    19. Diseases of the Immune System
  5. Microbiology
    6. 20. General microbiology
    21. Immunology
  6. Biochemistry
    7. 22. Introduction to biochemistry
    23. Metabolism
    24. Vitamins
    25. Nucleic acids DNA and RNA
Anatomy
1. General anatomy
GENETICS
▢ Introduction:
▢ Mendel's laws of Inheritance:
S.N.
Basis
Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
X-linked
1
Mode of Inheritance
Only one copy of mutant allele is sufficient for expression
Two copies of mutant allele are required for expression
Mutation on X chromosome; typically expressed in males
2
Parental Transmission
Affected parent can transmit to offspring regardless of sex
Both parents must be carriers for offspring to be affected
Carrier mothers transmit to sons; daughters may be carriers
3
Risk to Offspring
50% chance if one parent is affected
25% chance if both parents are carriers
50% chance for sons to be affected if mother is carrier
4
Carrier State
Not typically used; carriers usually express the trait
Carriers are asymptomatic
Females may be carriers; typically asymptomatic
5
Examples
1. Marfan syndrome
2. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
3. Sickle cell anaemia
4. Thalassemias
5. Muscular dystrophy
6. Haemophilia
▢ Chromatin and Chromosomes:
▢ Karyotyping:
▢ Chromosomal aberrations:
▢ Autosomal Disorders of Chromosomes:

1.

Write short notes on Down's syndrome.

[2066]

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2.

How does Trisomy occurs? Explain the clinical features of trisomy 21.

[2066]

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3.

Write short notes on: Klinefelter's syndrome.

[2067]

➤

4.

How does Trisomy occur? Explain the clinical features of trisomy 21.

[2066 new]

➤

5.

Write short notes on: Autosomal dominant and Recessive disorders.

(3)

[2072]

➤

6.

Write short notes on: X-linked recessive disorder.

(3)

[2076]

➤

▢ Sex-chromosomal disorders:
HUMAN ANATOMY
▢ Skin and Fasciae:
▢ Bones/ Osteon:

1.

Write short notes on: Development of long bone.

[2059]

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2.

Write short notes on: Intramembranous ossification.

[2062]

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3.

Explain the histology of compact bone with a suitable diagram.

[2074]

➤

▢ Cartilage:

1.

Classify cartilage with one example of each.

[2055]

➤

2.

Write short notes on: Histoloyg of hyaline cartilage.

[2076]

➤

▢ Joints:

1.

Define a synovial joint and describe its three characteristic features. List two thypes of synovial joint with approprite example.

➤

2.

Name the different type of synovial joint and give one example of each.

[2058]

➤

▢ Muscles:

1.

Give classification of muscle with example of each type. Write in brief about synergistic and antagonistic group of muscle.

[2055]

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