(b) The SI unit of resistance (Ohm) can be expressed in terms of base units as kg m² s⁻³ A⁻².
2. Escape velocity of a body projected from earth:
√(2Gm/R)
2√(Gm/R)
√(Gm/R)
√(Gm/2R)
(a) The escape velocity (ve) from the Earth's surface is given by the formula ve = √(2GM/R), where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the Earth, and R is the radius of the Earth.
3. If the two vectors V and V^1, having same magnitude, then which of the following is not true for the sum of their magnitude?
0
1/4 V
2V
4V
(b) Let the magnitude of both vectors be |V|. The magnitude of their sum can range from 0 to 2V depending on the angle between them. Thus, 1/4 V is not a possible magnitude for the sum.
4. Geostationary satellite of earth:
Rotate around the polar axis
Rest in positional
It stays stationary in space
Its time period is less than that of the earth
(c) A geostationary satellite orbits the Earth with a period of 24 hours, matching the Earth's rotation, making it appear stationary from a point on the ground.
5. Total internal reflection occur when the light passes from
Denser to rarer
Rarer to denser
The μ is same
None
(a) Total internal reflection (TIR) occurs when light travels from a medium of higher refractive index (denser) to a medium of lower refractive index (rarer) at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle.
6. Optical fiber is based on
TIR
Reflection
Polarization
Interference
(a) Optical fibers transmit light signals based on the principle of total internal reflection (TIR).
7. When an aeroplane is moving with velocity 600 km/hr due east and return with 400 km/hr, then what is average speed if it travels same distance?
240 km/h?
480 km/h?
500 km/h?
720 km/h?
(b) Average speed = Total distance / Total time = (d + d) / (d/600 + d/400) = 2d / (5d/1200) = 480 km/hr.
8. A cathode ray is:
Positive
Positron
Neutral
Stream of fast moving electrons
(d) A cathode ray is a beam of electrons emitted from the cathode in a vacuum tube.
9. Quantum theory is explained by
Photon
Positron
Electron
None
(a) Quantum theory explains the behavior of energy and matter at the atomic and subatomic levels through the concept of quanta, of which the photon is a fundamental unit of electromagnetic energy.
10. When the magnetic field is applied across the north and the positive charge is deflected toward the east then current flowing is:
East
West
Downward
Upward
(d) Using the right-hand rule for the Lorentz force (F = q(v x B)), with B towards North and F towards East on a positive charge, the velocity (and hence the current direction) must be Upward.
11. A body is projected from P to O with velocity u m/sec. What will be the work done under gravity in these points when air resistance is neglected?
1/2 mu^2
2mg
Mg
0
(d) Work done by gravity depends only on the vertical displacement. Since points P and O are at the same horizontal level, the net vertical displacement is zero, and hence the work done by gravity is zero.
12. If the ammeter of resistance (R_A) is connected across the series and voltmeter of (R_v) across the parallel, then to measure the value of R:
R is much less than R_A
R is much less than R_V
R is much more than R_A
R is much more than R_V
(b) For accurate measurement of R, the ammeter should have very low resistance (RA << R) and the voltmeter should have very high resistance (RV >> R). Thus, R should be much less than RV.
13. A thief stole a book of weight 'w' and jump vertically down the wall. What is the apparent weight of the body before he reach the ground?
Zero
2w
W
w/2
(a) Before reaching the ground, the thief is in free fall, experiencing only gravitational acceleration. The apparent weight is the normal force, which is zero in free fall.
14. In the person who cannot see nearer than 25 cm,
Size of eyeball increases
Size of eyeball decreases
Distance between eye less and retina can't be decreased
Focal length can't be decreased beyond certain limit
(d) The inability to see nearby objects clearly (farsightedness) occurs when the focal length of the eye's lens is too long or the eyeball is too short, preventing the lens from focusing sharply on the retina for close distances.
15. Green house effect is caused by:
Infrared rays
UV rays
X-ray
Visible ray
(a) The greenhouse effect is caused by the absorption of infrared (IR) radiation emitted by the Earth's surface by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
16. A sample with half life 2 hr is 64 times stronger than the safe amount. After how much time, it is safe to work with this sample?
12
24
48
36
(a) The activity needs to reduce by a factor of 64, which means 6 half-lives (2⁶ = 64). Time = 6 half-lives × 2 hr/half-life = 12 hours.
17. At what position during SHM, the maximum kinetic energy is suspected?
At the extreme
At the mean
Nearer to mean
At between extreme and mean
(b) In Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), kinetic energy is maximum at the mean position where the velocity is maximum.
18. If a body is projected with velocity V less than the escape velocity of earth, then the total energy of the projected body is:
+ve
-ve
Zero
May be +Ve or -Ve
(b) If the projection velocity is less than the escape velocity, the body is gravitationally bound to the Earth, and its total mechanical energy (kinetic + potential) is negative.
19. What happens to the dispersive power of a prism when it is immersed in water?
Increasess
Decreases
Remain constant
Depends on angle of prism
(b) The dispersive power of a prism decreases when immersed in water because the refractive index difference between the prism material and the surrounding medium (water) is reduced compared to when the surrounding medium is air.
20. When a monochromatic light passes in Young's double slit experiment then the resultant interference's fringe is:
[Correct option is a), Hint :, Young's double slit experiment proved beyond a shadow of a doubt that light is a wave. The superposition of light from two slits produces an interference pattern., Step 1 : Explanation, Light with a single wavelength is referred to as monochromatic. , As a result, the interference fringes created on the screen have a straight line shape., If instead of double slit experiment double hole experiment was given shape would have been hyperbola., Therefore the correct option is 'a' Straight line.]
St. line
Circular
Parabola
Hyperbola
(a) With monochromatic light and narrow slits, the interference fringes in Young's double-slit experiment are straight lines (bands) parallel to the slits.
21. During photoelectric effect, the number of emitted electrons depend upon
Intensity of incident radiation
Frequency
Wavelength
P.d
(a) The number of electrons emitted in the photoelectric effect is directly proportional to the intensity of the incident radiation (for frequencies above the threshold frequency).
22. The source of energy of sun is
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fusion
Geothermal
Radioactivity
(b) The Sun's energy is produced by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, where hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium, releasing vast amounts of energy.
23. A 5 kg mass with a string 1m length moves in a vertical circle with the velocity of 4 m/s. The net tension in the string is 130N. Then, the body is
At the top position
At the bottom position
At mid way
Can't be predicted
(b) Net tension at the bottom position in a vertical circle is T = mv²/r + mg = 5*(4)²/1 + 5*9.8 = 80 + 49 = 129 N ≈ 130 N.
24. When a man weighing 10 kg in a lift is accelerated downward with the acceleration of 1m/s^2 then apparent weight is:
98
88
72
68
(b) Apparent weight = m(g - a) = 10 * (9.8 - 1) = 10 * 8.8 = 88 N.
25. When the convex lens of refractive index μ immersed in water of same refractive index (μ), then its focal length is:
0
∞
Decreases
Increases
(b) Using the lensmaker's formula, 1/f = (μlens/μmedium - 1) (1/R₁ - 1/R₂). If μlens = μmedium, then 1/f = (1 - 1) (1/R₁ - 1/R₂) = 0, which means f = ∞.
26. At particular point, the acceleration due to gravity is always constant for same or different mass. This is because
Gravitational force is constant
Inertial mass and gravitational mass is constant
Gravitational force is directly proportional to inertial mass
All
(c) The acceleration due to gravity (g = G*M/r²) at a particular point depends only on the mass of the Earth (M) and the distance (r) from the center of the Earth. The gravitational force on an object is proportional to its mass (F = mg), and its acceleration is F/m = g, thus independent of the object's mass.
27. When intrinsic semiconductor is dopped with impurity then conductivity is:
Increases
Decreases
Constant
None
(a) Doping introduces extra charge carriers (electrons or holes), which increases the conductivity of the semiconductor.
28. Forward biasing of p-n junction offers:
High resistance
No resistance
Low resistance
Infinite resistance
(c) In forward biasing, the depletion region is narrowed, allowing current to flow easily, resulting in low resistance.
29. If the half time of a radioactive material is 1600 yrs, then the fraction of undecayed material after 4800 yrs is
1/8
1/2
7/8
8/7
(a) 4800 years is 3 half-lives (4800/1600 = 3). Fraction remaining = (1/2)³ = 1/8.
30. The angle of polarization between reflected and refracted ray is
0 °
45 °
90 °
180 °
(c) At the polarizing angle (Brewster's angle), the reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular to each other, meaning the angle between them is 90 °.
31. When phenol reacts with chloroform in alkaline medium, which is formed?
Chlorobenzene
Salicyldehyde
Salicylic acid
Anisole
(b) Phenol reacts with chloroform in the presence of aqueous NaOH to form salicyldehyde. This reaction is known as Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
32. When ethene react with bromine, 1,3-dibromoethane is obtained. The intermediate in this reaction is:
Negative charge
Free radical
Electrophile
Neutrophile
(c) The reaction of ethene with bromine is an electrophilic addition reaction. Bromine acts as an electrophile, and the reaction proceeds through a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
33. CH_3 COOC_3 H_7 undergoes hydrolysis with NaOH to give:
CH_3 OH
C_3 H_7 OH
C_3 H_7 COONa
CH_3 H_7 COOH
(c) CH3COOC3H7 is propyl acetate. Alkaline hydrolysis (saponification) with NaOH yields sodium acetate (CH3COONa) and propanol (C3H7OH).
34. Which statement about the element in the periodic table is correct?
[Na is a giant structure of Metal.]
Mg is metalloid, has a giant structure and is a good conductor of electricity
Silicon is a metalloid, has a simple molecular structure and is semi-conductor of electricity
Sodium is a metal, has a giant str. And is a good conductor of electricity
Sulphur is a non-metal, has a giant structure and is a poor conductor of electricity
(c) Sodium (Na) is an alkali metal, which is a good conductor of electricity and has a giant metallic structure.
35. The bond length of O-O in ozone is:
1.27 A
1.37 A
1.47 A
1.52 A
(a) The bond length of O-O in ozone (O₃) is 1.27 Å, which is intermediate between a single bond and a double bond due to resonance.
36. Reason for the failure of Bohr's theory is
Wave nature only described
Only applicable to H-atom
Energy radiated
None
(b) Bohr's theory was successful in explaining the spectrum of the hydrogen atom but failed to explain the spectra of multi-electron atoms.
37. Order of basic strength is:
H_2 O
OH^−
CH_3 O^−
H_2 O
(a) The order of increasing basic strength is H₂O < CH₃OH < OH⁻ < CH₃O⁻. CH₃O⁻ is a stronger base than OH⁻ because the electron-donating methyl group increases the electron density on the oxygen, making it more likely to accept a proton. Similarly, OH⁻ is more basic than H₂O, and CH₃OH is more basic than H₂O due to the electron-donating effect of the methyl group.
38. Which of the following is acid anhydride?
Al_2 O_3
CO2
CO
CaO
(b) CO₂ is the acid anhydride of carbonic acid (H₂CO₃). When CO₂ reacts with water, it forms carbonic acid.
39. The rate of diffusion of x and y is 1:5 and the diffusion of y and z is 1:6, then the ratio of z and x is:
40. In Co(ClO_3 )_2, total no. of d-electron in Co is:
5
6
7
8
(c) The formula is Co(ClO₃)₂. Cobalt's oxidation state is +2. Electronic configuration of Co is [Ar]3d⁷4s². For Co²⁺, it is [Ar]3d⁷. Total number of d-electrons in Co²⁺ is 7.
41. When mercuric chloride is reacted with potassium iodide then
[HgCl_2 (→┴( +KI ))┬(−KCl) (HgI_2↓)┬(Scarlet red ppt) (→┴( +KI ))┬ (K_2 HgI_4)┬(Nessler′ s reagent)]
White ppt.
Red ppt.
Black ppt.
Blue ppt.
(b) HgCl₂ + 2KI → HgI₂ (red ppt) + 2KCl. HgI₂ further reacts with excess KI to form a soluble complex K₂HgI₄ (Nessler's reagent).
42. Faraday constant
Depends on the current
Depends on the temperature
Depends on charge
Universal constant
(d) The Faraday constant (F) is the magnitude of electric charge per mole of electrons. It is a fundamental physical constant with a value of approximately 96485 C/mol.
43. CH_3 CHO and C_6 H_5 CH_2 OH can be separated by:
Tollen's reagent
Fehling solution
Benedict solution
Iodoform test
(a) CH₃CHO (acetaldehyde) is an aldehyde and will reduce Tollen's reagent to give a silver mirror. C₆H₅CH₂OH (benzyl alcohol) is a primary alcohol and will not react with Tollen's reagent under normal conditions.
44. Iron is extracted from its ore as
2Fe_2 O_3+3C→4Fe+CO_2
The percentage atom economy of pure iron is
24
42
63
64
(b) Atom economy = (Mass of desired product / Mass of all reactants) × 100. Mass of 4Fe = 4 × 56 = 224. Mass of 2Fe₂O₃ + 3C = (2 × 160) + (3 × 12) = 320 + 36 = 356. Atom economy = (224 / 356) × 100 ≈ 62.9 %. There might be an error in the question or options. Let's check for CO2 as the byproduct. 2Fe₂O₃ + 3C → 4Fe + 3CO₂. Mass of 4Fe = 224. Mass of 2Fe₂O₃ + 3C = 356. Atom economy = 224/356 * 100 = 62.9%. If byproduct is CO, 2Fe₂O₃ + 3C → 4Fe + 3CO. Mass of 4Fe = 224. Mass of 2Fe₂O₃ + 3C = 356. Atom economy = 224/356 * 100 = 62.9%. Let's consider the mass of byproduct. If CO₂, mass = 3 * 44 = 132. Total mass = 356. Desired product mass = 224. % atom economy = (224/356) * 100 = 62.9%. If CO, mass = 3 * 28 = 84. Total mass = 356. Desired product mass = 224. % atom economy = (224/356) * 100 = 62.9%. None of the options are close to 62.9%. There might be an error in the question or options. However, option b (42) is relatively closer than a (24).
45. Railway wagon axles are made by heating rods of iron embedded in charcoal powder. It is:
Annealing
Tempering
Case hardening
Sheradization
(c) Heating rods of iron embedded in charcoal powder leads to the diffusion of carbon into the surface of the iron, making the surface layer harder. This process is known as case hardening.
46. CuSO4 solution is immersed in iron vessel then
Cu is oxidised
Cu is reduced
Iron is reduced
None
(b) Iron is more reactive than copper, so iron will displace copper from copper sulfate solution: Fe(s) + CuSO₄(aq) → FeSO₄(aq) + Cu(s). In this reaction, Cu²⁺ ions gain electrons and are reduced to copper metal (Cu is reduced), and iron metal loses electrons and is oxidized to Fe²⁺ ions (Iron is oxidised). Option b is the correct choice as it describes the change happening to copper.
47. Ca(OH)2 is used in the crop field
To increase pH
To decrease acidity of soil
To increase the productivity
Dehydration
(b) Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) is basic and is used to neutralize excess acidity in soil, thus increasing the pH of the soil.
48. Reaction with AgNO3 is best suited for
Ethane
CH_3 CH_2 Cl
CH_3 CH_2 COCl
ClCH_2−CH_2 Cl
(c) Acid halides (like CH₃CH₂COCl) react readily with AgNO₃ to form a precipitate of AgCl and a carboxylic acid. Alkyl halides also react but often require heating or alcoholic AgNO₃. Ethane is an alkane and does not react with AgNO₃. Vicinal dihalides can react but acid halides react most readily.
49. When benzene reaction with chlorine in presence of sunlight, the product is:
C_6 H_5 Cl_6
C_6 H_6 Cl_6
C_6 H_6 Cl
C_6 Cl_6
(b) The reaction of benzene with chlorine in the presence of sunlight (or UV light) is a free radical addition reaction that results in the formation of benzene hexachloride (BHC), also known as gammaxane or lindane, with the formula C₆H₆Cl₆.
50. When starch is treated with NH_4 CN and the product is treated with iodine, the successive color change takes place from:
White ppt.
Red ppt.
Blue black to colorless
Colorless to blue black
(d) Treatment of starch with NH₄CN is not a standard known reaction. However, the test for starch typically involves treatment with iodine solution, which results in a characteristic blue-black color. If the initial starch solution was colorless, the color change would be from colorless to blue-black.
51. During the esterification reaction,
CH_3 COOH+CH_3 OH→CH_3 COOCH_3+Energy
The equilibrium constant Kc is maintained by.
Using conc. H2SO4
Increasing conc. Of ethanol
Increase of temperature
Decrease of temperature
(c) The equilibrium constant (Kc) for a reaction depends only on the temperature. Using a catalyst (like conc. H₂SO₄) speeds up the attainment of equilibrium but does not change the value of Kc. Changing the concentration of reactants or products will shift the equilibrium position but not the value of Kc.
52. Gold doesn't react with HCl, but gets dissolved in aqua regia because:
Gold gets oxidized by chlorine
Gold gets reduced by chlorine
HCl is more powerful oxidizing agent
HCl is more powerful reducing agent
(a) Aqua regia is a mixture of concentrated nitric acid (HNO₃) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl), usually in a molar ratio of 1:3. Gold (Au) does not react with HCl alone. However, in aqua regia, nitric acid oxidizes gold to Au³⁺ ions, and hydrochloric acid provides chloride ions (Cl⁻) which form a soluble tetrachloroaurate(III) complex ([AuCl₄]⁻) with the Au³⁺ ions. This formation of the complex shifts the equilibrium, allowing more gold to dissolve. The oxidation of gold is facilitated by nitric acid, and the subsequent complex formation is driven by chloride ions from HCl. While chlorine gas is generated in aqua regia (HNO₃ + 3HCl → NOCl + 2H₂O + 2[Cl]), it is the nitrate that initially oxidizes the gold.
53. Which of the following takes place during cannizarro reaction?
Attack of nucleophile → abstraction of proton → transfer of hydride ion
Transfer of hydride ion → Attack of nucleophile → abstraction of proton
Abstraction of proton → attack of nucleophile → transfer of hydride ion
Attack of nucleophile→ transfer of hydride ion → abstraction of proton
(a) The Cannizzaro reaction involves the disproportionation of two molecules of a non-enolizable aldehyde in the presence of a strong base. The mechanism typically proceeds as follows: 1. Nucleophilic attack of hydroxide ion on the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde. 2. Abstraction of a proton from the resulting anion by another molecule of aldehyde. 3. Intramolecular hydride transfer to the carbonyl carbon of the second aldehyde molecule.
54.
()
55. Which of the following helps in the nourishment of sperm?
Leydig cell
Rete testis
Bartholin's gland
Sertoli cell
(d) Sertoli cells, located in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, provide nourishment and support to developing sperm cells.
56. Micro evolution takes place due to:
Somatogenic variation
Continuous variation
Mutation
Blastogenic variation
(c) Microevolution, which involves small-scale evolutionary changes within a species or small group of organisms over a short period, is primarily driven by mutations, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection.
57. Nissl's granules is made from:
DNA
RNA
Ribosome
Protein
(b) Nissl granules (or Nissl bodies) are large granular bodies found in neurons. These granules are primarily composed of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and free ribosomes, indicating their role in protein synthesis.
58. Collar cells are found in:
Earthworm
Mollusca
Coelenterata
Sponges
(d) Collar cells (also known as choanocytes) are flagellated cells that line the interior of sponges. They are responsible for generating water currents and trapping food particles.
59. Non-nucleated RBC is found in:
Reptiles
Aves
Amphibian
Mammals
(d) Red blood cells (RBCs) in mammals are typically non-nucleated at maturity, meaning they lack a nucleus. This increases the space available for carrying hemoglobin.
60. The term biology was coined by:
Aristotle
Theophrastus
Lamarck and Treviranus
Lamarck
(c) The term 'biology' is generally credited to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (French naturalist) and Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (German naturalist), who independently used it in 1802.
61. Simple reflex arch is shown by:
Monosynaptic
Bisynaptic
Trisynaptic
Polysynaptic
(a) A monosynaptic reflex arc is the simplest type of reflex arc, consisting of only one sensory neuron and one motor neuron connected by a single synapse.
62. Causative agent of Malaria is:
Bacteria
Virus
Protozoa
Helminthes
(c) Malaria is caused by parasitic protozoans of the genus Plasmodium, which are transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
63. Protozoan group with 2 nuclei macro and micronucleus is:
Flagellata
Sarcodina
Ciliata
Sporozoa
(c) Ciliates (Ciliata) are a group of protozoans characterized by the presence of cilia, hair-like organelles used for locomotion and feeding. Many ciliates possess two types of nuclei: a large macronucleus and one or more small micronuclei.
64. Name the hormone that has no role in menstruation:
LH
FSH
GH
TSH
(c) LH (Luteinizing Hormone) and FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) are gonadotropins that play key roles in regulating the menstrual cycle. TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) regulates thyroid function and has no direct role in menstruation. GH (Growth Hormone) primarily affects growth and metabolism and has no direct role in menstruation.
65. Which of the following helps in blood clotting?
Vit. E
Vit. B
Vit. C
Vit. K
(d) Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of several blood clotting factors, playing a crucial role in the process of hemostasis (blood clotting).
66. Most common nitrogenous waste in blood is
Urea
Nitric waste
Ammonia
Nitric acid
(a) In humans and other ureotelic animals (including most mammals), urea is the most common nitrogenous waste product found in the blood, produced by the liver from the breakdown of proteins.
67. What does pulse measure?
Magnitude of heart beat
Force of heart beat
Rhythum of heart beat
Number of heart beat
(d) The pulse is the rhythmic throbbing in the arteries as blood is propelled through them, typically felt in the wrist or neck. It directly corresponds to the number of times the heart beats per minute.
68. From secondary spermatocyte, the resulting formation of spermatids
4
2
6
1
(b) A secondary spermatocyte is a haploid cell that undergoes meiosis II to produce two haploid spermatids.
69. Which of the following is not a secondary messenger?
cAMP
gAMP
Na
Ca
(c) cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and Ca²⁺ (calcium ions) are common secondary messengers in signal transduction pathways. gAMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) is also a secondary messenger. Na⁺ (sodium ions) play a crucial role in nerve impulse transmission and other physiological processes but are not typically classified as secondary messengers in the context of G protein-coupled receptor signaling in the same way as cAMP, gAMP, or Ca²⁺.
70. Sphingomyelins are found in
Nerve cell
Ovum
Sperm cell
RBC
(a) Sphingomyelin is a type of sphingolipid found in animal cell membranes, especially in the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons of some nerve cells, playing a key role in nerve impulse transmission.
71. When the blood leaving from liver and heading towards heart, which of the following is maximum?
Ammonia
Urea
Nitrogen waste
Calcium
(b) The liver converts toxic ammonia into urea through the urea cycle. Therefore, the concentration of urea in the blood leaving the liver (via the hepatic vein) and heading towards the heart is expected to be higher than in the blood entering the liver (via the hepatic portal vein).
72. In frog heart, which help aorta in ventricular contraction?
Elastin and endothelium
Smooth and collagen
Elastin and collagen
Endothelium and smooth
(c) The aorta, the main artery carrying oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the frog's heart, contains elastin fibers which provide elasticity for stretching during ventricular contraction and recoiling to maintain blood flow, and collagen fibers which provide structural support and strength to the vessel wall.
73. The addition of iodine in the thyroid of tadpole will:
No change
Hasten the metamorphosis
Slowdown the metamorphosis
Will die
(b) Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine), which play a crucial role in regulating metamorphosis in amphibians like tadpoles. Adequate iodine levels are necessary for the normal progression of metamorphosis, and adding iodine can hasten this process if it was previously deficient.
74. In RBC, carbonic anhydrase catalyses the following:
H_2 CO_3 is decomposed into CO_2 and H_2 O
Oxyhaemoglobin dissociates
CO_2 and H_2 O associates into H_2 CO_3
None
(c) Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme found in red blood cells (RBCs) that catalyzes the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) to form carbonic acid (H₂CO₃): CO₂ + H₂O ⇌ H₂CO₃. This reaction is crucial for the transport of CO₂ from tissues to the lungs in the blood.
75. Annual rings are distinct in plants growing in:
Tropical
Arctic region
Grassland
Temperate region
(d) Annual rings, which represent one year of growth, are distinct in plants growing in temperate regions that experience seasonal variations in climate (e.g., distinct growing seasons followed by periods of dormancy). These variations in growth rate lead to the formation of distinct rings in the xylem tissue.
76. Which of the following isn't a form of asexual reproduction in plants?
Grafting
Pollination
Layering
Runner
(b) Pollination is a crucial step in sexual reproduction in plants, involving the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma, leading to fertilization and the formation of seeds. Grafting, layering, and the use of runners are methods of asexual or vegetative reproduction, where new plants are generated from parts of the parent plant without the involvement of seeds.
77. Omega 3 fatty acid is found in:
Olive oil
Mustard oil
Salmon oil
Sunflower oil
(c) Omega-3 fatty acids, such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), are abundant in fatty fish like salmon oil.
78. Tracheophytes are:
Bryophyta
Pteriodophyta
Gymnosperm and Angiosperm
Both b and c
(d) Tracheophytes are vascular plants, characterized by the presence of specialized tissues (xylem and phloem) for the transport of water and nutrients. This group includes pteridophytes (ferns and their allies), gymnosperms (e.g., conifers, cycads), and angiosperms (flowering plants). Therefore, both b and c are correct.
79. Which of the following is wrong about compositae?
Capitulum
Pappus
Synandrous
Epigyny
(c) Compositae (Asteraceae) flowers are typically arranged in a capitulum (head inflorescence), often have a pappus (modified calyx forming hairs or scales), and exhibit epigyny (inferior ovary). The stamens in Compositae are usually syngenesious (anthers fused, filaments free), not synandrous (anthers and filaments fused).
80. The number of ATP and NADH_2 needed in C_3 cycle is
3 and 6
12 and 18
18 and 12
30 and 12
(c) The Calvin cycle (C₃ cycle) requires 18 molecules of ATP and 12 molecules of NADPH₂ (which is equivalent to NADH + H⁺ in terms of reducing power) to produce one molecule of glucose.
81. Edible part of the mushroom is:
Basidiocarp
Secondary mycelium
Primary mycelium
Tertiary mycelium
(a) The edible part of a mushroom, which is the reproductive structure of basidiomycete fungi, is the basidiocarp (also known as the fruiting body or mushroom cap and stalk).
82. When fluidity of protoplast changes, least affected is:
Active transport
Diffusion
Osmosis
Endocytosis
(b) Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration and is primarily driven by the concentration gradient and thermal motion of molecules. While changes in protoplasmic fluidity might have some effect, diffusion is generally less dependent on the specific fluidity of the protoplast compared to processes that require membrane protein movement (like active transport and endocytosis) or are significantly influenced by the water potential across the membrane (osmosis).
83. Water goes from root to tip due to:
Osmosis
Diffusion
Guttation
Adhesive force
(d) The movement of water from the roots to the tips of plants is primarily driven by the transpiration pull, which relies on the cohesive forces between water molecules and the adhesive forces between water molecules and the walls of the xylem vessels. Osmosis plays a role in water uptake by the roots, and guttation is the exudation of water droplets from leaves due to root pressure, not the primary mechanism for long-distance transport.
84. When the pollen grain transfer from the one flower to another flower in same plant, then
Genetically same but ecologically cross pollination
Genetically and ecologically self pollination
Ecologically cross pollination
Ecologically self pollination
(a) The transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same plant is called geitonogamy. It is genetically considered self-pollination because the pollen and stigma belong to the same genotype. However, ecologically, it is considered cross-pollination because a pollinating agent is required to transfer the pollen between the flowers.
85.
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase
()
86. Maximum photosynthesis takes place:
Green light
Red light
Red light followed green
Green light followed red
(b) Photosynthesis is generally most efficient in red light, as chlorophyll absorbs light strongly in the red region of the visible spectrum.
87. Which of the following is harmful for storage of food?
Penicillium
Fusarium
Rhizobium
Collelotrichum
(b) Fusarium is a genus of fungi that includes species known to cause plant diseases and produce mycotoxins, which can contaminate stored food and make it harmful for consumption. Penicillium includes some species used in food production (e.g., for cheese), but others can cause spoilage. Rhizobium is a genus of bacteria important for nitrogen fixation in plants and is not typically harmful for stored food. Colletotrichum is a genus of fungi that can cause anthracnose diseases in plants, affecting crops in the field but not primarily a concern for stored food in the same way as Fusarium.
88. In PS-II, if an isolated chloroplast is illuminated by light in presence of ferrodoxin, which will occur?
Hill reaction
Cyclic photophosporylation
Dark reaction
All
(a) The Hill reaction involves the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, specifically the photolysis of water, electron transport in Photosystem II (PS-II), and the reduction of an electron acceptor (originally identified as a Hill reagent). Ferredoxin is an electron acceptor in the linear electron flow that typically leads to the reduction of NADP+. In an isolated chloroplast with only PS-II and ferredoxin, the Hill reaction (light-dependent electron transport and oxygen evolution) would occur.
89. In fermentation of alcohol, which enzyme is needed?
Lipase
Zymase
Invertase
Amylase
(b) Zymase is a complex of enzymes found in yeast that catalyzes the fermentation of sugars into ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide.
90. Cellular totipotency is defined as
Potentiality of a living plant cell to grow into new plant
Potentiality of living animal cell to grow into new cell
Potentiality of higher plant to reproduce by sexually
Fusion of gametes during sexual reproduction
(a) Cellular totipotency is the inherent ability of a single plant cell to develop into a whole new plant, given the appropriate conditions.
91. Energy begins in ecosystem by:
Producer
Primary consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer
(a) Energy in most terrestrial ecosystems begins with producers (autotrophs), such as plants, which convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
92. Seymouria is the connecting link between
Annelida and arthropoda
Annelida and Mollusca
Amphibian and reptiles
None
(c) Seymouria is an extinct tetrapod from the early Permian period. It possesses characteristics of both amphibians and reptiles, and is considered a transitional fossil or a 'connecting link' between these two groups.
93. A thorn of Bougainvillea and a tendril of cucurbita indicate
Vestigial structrue
Analogous structure
Homologous structure
Rudimentary structure
(c) A thorn of Bougainvillea is a modified stem, while a tendril of Cucurbita (like a pumpkin or squash) is also a modified stem. Structures that have a common evolutionary origin, regardless of their current function, are called homologous structures.
94. Bacteria can't grow in honey because
Honey contain antibiotics
They get suffocation
They get plasmolysed
They can't respire
(c) Honey has a very high sugar concentration, which creates a hypertonic environment. When bacteria are placed in honey, water moves out of their cells by osmosis, causing the cells to shrink and eventually undergo plasmolysis, which inhibits their growth and survival.
