1. When water is heated steadily, its temperature stops rising when water starts to:
Evaporates
Boil
Condense
Release
(b) The temperature of water stops rising at its boiling point (100 °C or 212 °F) because the energy supplied is used to change the state from liquid to gas (boiling).
2. Two wires of same radius and material have their length in the ratio 2:1. If the same force stretches them, then strain produced will be in the ratio of:
1:2
1:1
2:1
1:4
(c) Strain is given by the change in length divided by the original length (\(\text{strain} = \frac{\Delta L}{L}\)). Since the force, material, and radius are the same, the stress (\( \frac{F}{A} \)) will be the same. From Young's modulus (\(Y = \frac{\text{stress}}{\text{strain}}\)), strain is directly proportional to the original length. Therefore, if the lengths are in the ratio 2:1, the strains will also be in the ratio 2:1.
3. The temperature recorded by a Celsius thermometer is 40 °C, the temperature on Fahrenheit scale is:
98 °F
100 °F
104 °F
80 °F
(c) The formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit is \(F = \frac{9}{5}C + 32\). Substituting C = 40 °C, we get \(F = \frac{9}{5}(40) + 32 = 9 \times 8 + 32 = 72 + 32 = 104 °F\).
4. A Carnot's engine whose sink is at temperature of 300K has an efficiency of 40%. By how much the temperature of source should be increased so as to increase efficiency to 60%?
300 K
250 K
325 K
275 K
(b) The efficiency of a Carnot engine is given by \(\eta = 1 - \frac{T_c}{T_h}\), where \(T_c\) is the temperature of the cold reservoir (sink) and \(T_h\) is the temperature of the hot reservoir (source). Initially, \(0.40 = 1 - \frac{300}{T_h}\), so \(\frac{300}{T_h} = 0.60\), which gives \(T_h = \frac{300}{0.60} = 500 K\). To increase the efficiency to 60%, we have \(0.60 = 1 - \frac{300}{T'_h}\), so \(\frac{300}{T'_h} = 0.40\), which gives \(T'_h = \frac{300}{0.40} = 750 K\). The increase in the temperature of the source is \(T'_h - T_h = 750 K - 500 K = 250 K\).
5. The dimension ML-1T-2 corresponds to:
Work done by force
Pressure
Linear momentum
Coefficient of viscosity
(b) Pressure is defined as force per unit area. Force has dimensions MLT-2 and area has dimensions L2. Therefore, pressure has dimensions \(\frac{MLT^{-2}}{L^2} = ML^{-1}T^{-2}\). Work done by force has dimensions of energy, which is ML2T-2. Linear momentum has dimensions MLT-1. Coefficient of viscosity has dimensions ML-1T-1.
6. The range of projectile fired at an angle of 15 ° is 50 m. If it is fired with same speed at an angle of 45 ° then range will be:
100 m
15 m
50 m
37 m
(a) The range of a projectile is given by \(R = \frac{u^2 \sin(2\theta)}{g}\), where \(u\) is the initial speed, \(\theta\) is the angle of projection, and \(g\) is the acceleration due to gravity. For \(\theta_1 = 15 °\), \(R_1 = \frac{u^2 \sin(30 °)}{g} = \frac{u^2 (1/2)}{g} = 50 m\). So, \(\frac{u^2}{g} = 100 m\). For \(\theta_2 = 45 °\), \(R_2 = \frac{u^2 \sin(90 °)}{g} = \frac{u^2 (1)}{g} = 100 m\).
7. A lens made of glass of refractive index 1.52 has focal length of 10 cm in air and 50 cm when immersed in liquid. The refractive index of liquid must be:
1.30
1.52
1.67
1.38
(d) Using the lens maker's formula, \(\frac{1}{f} = (n-1)(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2})\). In air, \(\frac{1}{10} = (1.52-1)(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2}) = 0.52(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2})\). When immersed in liquid with refractive index \(n_l\), the refractive index of the lens relative to the liquid is \(n_{gl} = \frac{1.52}{n_l}\). So, \(\frac{1}{50} = (\frac{1.52}{n_l} - 1)(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2})\). From the first equation, \((\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2}) = \frac{1}{10 \times 0.52} = \frac{1}{5.2}\). Substituting this in the second equation, \(\frac{1}{50} = (\frac{1.52}{n_l} - 1) \frac{1}{5.2}\). Therefore, \(\frac{5.2}{50} = \frac{1.52}{n_l} - 1\), which gives \(0.104 = \frac{1.52}{n_l} - 1\), so \(\frac{1.52}{n_l} = 1.104\), and \(n_l = \frac{1.52}{1.104} \approx 1.38\).
8. The fact that light can be polarized establishes that light:
Is a longitudinal wave
Travels in form of particles
Is electromagnetic wave
Is a transverse wave
(d) Polarization is a phenomenon that occurs only with transverse waves, where the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Longitudinal waves, like sound waves, cannot be polarized because their oscillations are parallel to the direction of propagation.
9. Electric conductance takes place in a discharge tube due to the movement of:
Positive ions
Electrons
Negative ions
All of the above
(d) In a discharge tube, when a high voltage is applied, the gas inside ionizes, creating both positive ions and electrons. These charged particles move towards the electrodes of opposite polarity, resulting in electric conductance. Sometimes negative ions are also formed.
10. Star that appear stationary from the earth is:
Sirius
Pole star
Orion
Ursa major
(b) The Pole Star (Polaris) appears stationary from the Earth because it is located very close to the extension of the Earth's axis of rotation in the north celestial pole.
11. X-rays are:
Positively charged particles
Negatively charged particles
Electromagnetic radiation of high frequency
Neutral particles of low speed
(c) X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, similar to light but with a much higher frequency (and shorter wavelength). They are not charged particles.
12. The fusion of hydrogen into helium is seen likely to take place at:
High temperature, low pressure
Low temperature, low pressure
High temperature, Hight pressure
Low temperature, low pressure
(c) Nuclear fusion, such as the fusion of hydrogen into helium that occurs in stars, requires extremely high temperatures (to overcome the Coulomb barrier between protons) and high pressures (to maintain a sufficient density of nuclei for collisions to occur).
13. The process responsible for production of the light is:
Spontaneous emission
Photoelectric emission
Stimulated emission
Thermionic emission
(a) This question is incomplete. It's missing the context of where the light is being produced. Assuming it's referring to a general light source like an ordinary light bulb or the sun, the answer would involve different processes. If it is specifically about lasers, then stimulated emission would be the answer. Given the options, and without further context, spontaneous emission is a fundamental process where an excited atom or molecule releases a photon to return to a lower energy state, which occurs in many common light sources.
14. Consider a vehicle going on a horizontal and towards east. Neglect any force by the air. The frictional forces on the vehicle by the road:
Is towards east if the vehicle is accelerating
Is zero if the vehicle is moving with a uniform velocity
Must be towards west
Both a and b
(d) If the vehicle is accelerating towards the east, the tires exert a force on the road towards the west, and by Newton's third law, the road exerts a frictional force on the tires (and thus the vehicle) towards the east. If the vehicle is moving with a uniform velocity, there is no net force, which means the driving force is balanced by opposing forces. If we neglect air resistance and consider only rolling friction to be negligible for uniform motion, then the net frictional force in the direction of motion would be effectively zero.
15. A body moving forwards is acted by a force of 90 N and frictional force of 50 N act on it. What is the gain in kinetic energy when it moves a distance of 6m?
280 J
240 J
840 J
380 J
(b) The net force acting on the body is the difference between the forward force and the frictional force: \(F_{net} = 90 N - 50 N = 40 N\). The work done by the net force is equal to the gain in kinetic energy. Work done is given by \(W = F_{net} \times d\), where \(d\) is the distance moved. So, \(W = 40 N \times 6 m = 240 J\). Therefore, the gain in kinetic energy is 240 J.
16. The radius of a conductor is doubled, resistance will be:
Doubled
Halved
Same
Decreased four times
(d) The resistance of a conductor is given by \(R = \rho \frac{l}{A}\), where \(\rho\) is the resistivity, \(l\) is the length, and \(A\) is the cross-sectional area. The area of a conductor with radius \(r\) is \(A = \pi r^2\). If the radius is doubled to \(2r\), the new area will be \(A' = \pi (2r)^2 = 4\pi r^2 = 4A\). Therefore, the new resistance will be \(R' = \rho \frac{l}{A'} = \rho \frac{l}{4A} = \frac{1}{4} (\rho \frac{l}{A}) = \frac{1}{4} R\). So, the resistance will decrease four times.
17. A vessel of radius 'r' and height 'h' contains a liquid up to height h' such that (h/2 < h'). If the length of the vessel is halved, then the liquid will rise up to height:
H
h/2
(hh'/2)
h3
(a)
18. When the light passes from air to glass, which of following will change?
Velocity and frequency
Frequency and wavelength
Velocity and wavelength
Color and wavelength
(c) When light passes from one medium to another (like air to glass), its velocity and wavelength change because the speed of light is different in different media. The frequency of light, however, remains constant as it depends on the source of the light, not the medium it travels through. The color of light is determined by its frequency, so the color does not change.
19. Soft iron core is used to manufacture electromagnets because of:
High permeability and high retentivity
Low permeability and high retentivity
High susceptibility and low retentivity
Low permeability and low retentivity
(c) Soft iron is used in electromagnets because it can be easily magnetized and demagnetized. This means it has high magnetic susceptibility (ability to become strongly magnetized when a magnetic field is applied) and low retentivity (ability to retain magnetism after the magnetic field is removed). High permeability also helps in concentrating the magnetic field lines.
20. An AC circuit has resistance 3 Ω and reactance 4 Ω. Calculate impedance.
5
7
5/2
7/2
(a) In an AC circuit with resistance (R) and reactance (X), the impedance (Z) is given by the formula \(Z = \sqrt{R^2 + X^2}\). Here, \(R = 3 \,\Omega\) and \(X = 4 \,\Omega\). So, \(Z = \sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{9 + 16} = \sqrt{25} = 5 \,\Omega\).
21. In SHM, the kinetic energy is minimum at:
Mean position
Extreme position
Midway between mean and extreme position
At (1/4)^th of amplitude
(b) In Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), the velocity of the oscillating object is maximum at the mean position and zero at the extreme positions. Since kinetic energy is given by \(\frac{1}{2}mv^2\), where \(m\) is mass and \(v\) is velocity, the kinetic energy is minimum (zero) at the extreme positions where the velocity is zero.
22. Lenz law follows the conservation of:
Charge
Energy
Momentum
Mass
(b) Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced electromotive force (EMF) in any electrical circuit is such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux that produces it. This opposition ensures that energy is conserved; the energy required to create the induced current comes from the work done against the magnetic force opposing the change in flux.
23. Hydrolysis of dilute aqueous NaCl was carried out by passing 10 mA current. The time taken for the discharge of 0.01 mole of Hydrogen at cathode is:
9.60×10^4 s
19.3×10^4 s
23.16×10^4 s
38.6×10^4 s
(b) At the cathode, the reaction is \(2H^+ + 2e^- \rightarrow H_2\). For the discharge of 0.01 mole of Hydrogen, 0.02 moles of electrons are required. The total charge required is \(Q = nF\), where \(n\) is the number of moles of electrons and \(F\) is Faraday's constant (approximately 96500 C/mol). So, \(Q = 0.02 \,mol \times 96500 \,C/mol = 1930 \,C\). The current passed is \(I = 10 \,mA = 10 \times 10^{-3} \,A = 0.01 \,A\). The time taken is given by \(t = \frac{Q}{I} = \frac{1930 \,C}{0.01 \,A} = 193000 \,s = 19.3 \times 10^4 \,s\).
24. Two waves are coherent if they:
Have same wavelength and constant phase difference
Different phase difference
Same amplitude and frequency
Same wavelength and speed
(a) Two waves are said to be coherent if they have the same frequency (and thus the same wavelength if they are traveling in the same medium) and a constant phase difference. This constant phase difference allows them to produce a stable interference pattern.
25. The light waves from two lamps cannot produce interference pattern on screen because:
They are not coherent source of light
They produce same wavelength
They produce same intensity of light
They produce same frequency
(a) For light waves to produce a stable and observable interference pattern, the sources must be coherent. Coherent sources emit waves with the same frequency and a constant phase difference. Light waves from two independent lamps are generally incoherent because they emit light waves with rapidly and randomly changing phase differences.
26. A person can see different objects lying on different distance. Which of following is true?
Object distance is constant
Focal length of lens is constant
Radius of curvature is not changed
Image distance is constant
(d) The human eye adjusts its focal length by changing the shape of the lens (accommodation) to focus objects at different distances onto the retina. The image distance (distance from the eye lens to the retina) remains relatively constant.
27. The range of 105 Hz frequency is:
UV rays
Infrared rays
Radio waves
Visible rays
(c) The electromagnetic spectrum is divided into different ranges based on frequency or wavelength. Radio waves have the lowest frequencies, typically ranging from a few Hertz up to gigahertz. 105 Hz (or 100 kHz) falls within the radio wave range, specifically in the longwave or medium wave bands.
28. A sound having intensity of 10−6 has loudness of
60 dB
30 dB
90 dB
120 dB
(a) Loudness in decibels (dB) is calculated using the formula \(L = 10 \log_{10}(\frac{I}{I_0})\), where \(I\) is the intensity of the sound and \(I_0\) is the reference intensity (threshold of hearing), which is typically \(10^{-12} \,W/m^2\). Here, \(I = 10^{-6} \,W/m^2\). So, \(L = 10 \log_{10}(\frac{10^{-6}}{10^{-12}}) = 10 \log_{10}(10^{-6 - (-12)}) = 10 \log_{10}(10^{6}) = 10 \times 6 = 60 \,dB\).
29. Power is best defined by:
Work done in direction of force
Work done + time
Force x velocity
Work done X time
(c) Power is defined as the rate at which work is done, or the rate at which energy is transferred. Mathematically, Power (\(P\)) is given by \(P = \frac{W}{t}\), where \(W\) is work done and \(t\) is time. Work done can also be expressed as \(W = F \cdot d\), where \(F\) is force and \(d\) is displacement. If we consider the instantaneous power when an object is moving with velocity \(v\) under the influence of a force \(F\), then \(P = F \cdot v\). So, Power = Force × velocity.
30. A block of metal 0.5 kg initially at a temperature of 100 °C is gently lowered into an insulated copper container of mass 0.05 kg containing 0.9 kg water at 20 °C. If the final temperature of the mixture is 25 °C, calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal block.\ni. Sp of copper = 385 j/kg k
507 Jg−1 K−1
507 Jkg−1 K−1
507 cal kg−1 K−1
270 Jkg−1 K−1
(b) Let \(m_m\), \(c_m\), and \(T_{mi}\) be the mass, specific heat capacity, and initial temperature of the metal block, respectively. Let \(m_c\), \(c_c\), and \(T_{ci}\) be the mass, specific heat capacity, and initial temperature of the copper container, respectively. Let \(m_w\), \(c_w\), and \(T_{wi}\) be the mass, specific heat capacity, and initial temperature of the water, respectively. Let \(T_f\) be the final temperature of the mixture. Given: \(m_m = 0.5 \,kg\), \(T_{mi} = 100 \,°C\), \(m_c = 0.05 \,kg\), \(c_c = 385 \,J/kg\,K\), \(T_{ci} = 20 \,°C\), \(m_w = 0.9 \,kg\), \(c_w = 4200 \,J/kg\,K\) (approximate specific heat of water), \(T_{wi} = 20 \,°C\), \(T_f = 25 \,°C\). Heat lost by the metal block = Heat gained by the copper container + Heat gained by the water. \(m_m c_m (T_{mi} - T_f) = m_c c_c (T_f - T_{ci}) + m_w c_w (T_f - T_{wi})\). \(0.5 \times c_m \times (100 - 25) = 0.05 \times 385 \times (25 - 20) + 0.9 \times 4200 \times (25 - 20)\). \(0.5 \times c_m \times 75 = 0.05 \times 385 \times 5 + 0.9 \times 4200 \times 5\). \(37.5 \times c_m = 19.25 \times 5 + 3780 \times 5\). \(37.5 \times c_m = 96.25 + 18900\). \(37.5 \times c_m = 18996.25\). \(c_m = \frac{18996.25}{37.5} \approx 506.56 \,J/kg\,K\). This is approximately 507 Jkg−1 K−1.
31. Which statements about tRNA are correct?\n1. It contains base pairing\n2. It contains hydrogen bonds\n3. It contains uracil\n4. It is single stranded\nOptions\n1. 1, 3 and 4 only\n2. 1 and 2 only\n3. 1, 2, 3 and 4\n4. 2 and 3 only
(c) tRNA (transfer RNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein. \n1. It contains base pairing: Yes, tRNA has a characteristic cloverleaf structure with regions of intramolecular base pairing between complementary bases.\n2. It contains hydrogen bonds: Yes, the base pairing occurs through hydrogen bonds (A with U, and G with C).\n3. It contains uracil: Yes, tRNA is an RNA molecule, and RNA contains uracil instead of thymine.\n4. It is single stranded: Yes, tRNA is a single-stranded molecule, although it folds upon itself to create double-stranded regions through base pairing.
32. Largest ovule among the spermatophyte is found in
Marchantia
Cycas
Funaria
Pinus
(b) Cycas, a gymnosperm, is known to have the largest ovule among spermatophytes.
33. Sub-aerial modified stem is
Offset
Corm
Rhizome
Bulb
(a) An offset is a sub-aerial stem modification where a short, thick stem grows horizontally, producing a cluster of leaves and roots at each node, e.g., in Pistia and Eichhornia. Rhizomes are underground, corms are vertical underground stems, and bulbs are modified buds with fleshy leaves.
34. Fruit which consists several mass of small drupes of single flower:
Multiple fruit
Aggregate fruit
Accessory fruit
Simple fruit
(b) An aggregate fruit develops from a single flower that has more than one carpel. Each carpel develops into a small fruit (drupelet in this case), and these small fruits are clustered together. Examples include raspberries and blackberries.
35. Reptiles were dominant during
Cambrian period
Permian period
Jurassic period
Devonian period
(c) Reptiles, particularly dinosaurs, were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates during the Jurassic period, which is part of the Mesozoic Era.
36. Which is not a function of liver?
Synthesis of protein from amino acids
Conversion of glucose to glycogen
Storage of glycogen
Secretion of Insulin
(d) The liver performs many functions including protein synthesis, conversion of glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis), and storage of glycogen. Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas, not the liver.
37. Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
(c) The left ventricle has the thickest wall because it needs to pump oxygenated blood to all parts of the body against high pressure.
38. Which is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscle?
Alcohol, CO2 and water
Lactic acid only
CO2 and Lactic acid
CO2 only
(b) During intense exercise when oxygen supply is insufficient, muscles undergo anaerobic respiration, producing lactic acid as a byproduct.
39. What describes the primary structure of protein?
α-helix structure
Specific order of amino acid
Peptide sequence
Globular structure
(c) The primary structure of a protein refers to the linear sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. The terms 'specific order of amino acid' and 'peptide sequence' both describe this primary structure.
40. Which biological molecules always contain the element nitrogen?
Amino acid, cellulose, mRBA
Enzymes, mRNA, Amino acids
Amino acid, DNA, Lipids
Membrane proteins, Starch, tRNA
(b) Amino acids (the building blocks of proteins and enzymes), mRNA (messenger RNA), and enzymes (most of which are proteins) all contain nitrogen. Cellulose is a carbohydrate, lipids are fats, DNA contains nitrogenous bases but lipids and starch do not always, and membrane proteins and tRNA contain nitrogen.
41. Chloramphenicol is obtained from
Clostridium butyricum
Streptomyces venezuelae
Penicillium chrysogenum
Pseudomonas denitrificans
(b) Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic originally isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae.
42. Lichens reproduce asexually generally by
Zygospre
Pycnidospores
Aplanospores
Chlamydospores
(b) Lichens commonly reproduce asexually through fragmentation or by specialized structures called soredia or isidia. Pycnidiospores are asexual spores produced by the fungal partner (mycobiont) of the lichen, within structures called pycnidia, and can contribute to propagation.
43. Kingdom Animalia of 5 kingdom system of classification does not include
Porifera
Echinodermata
Protozoa
Chordata
(c) In the five-kingdom classification system (proposed by Robert Whittaker), Protozoa are classified under the Kingdom Protista, not Kingdom Animalia. Porifera, Echinodermata, and Chordata are all phyla within the Kingdom Animalia.
44. The people wear clothing that covers large area of their skin. They are at risk of a deficiency of the sunlight in the short supply. Which nutrient do they lack?
Calcium
Vitamin D
Iron
Vitamin C
(b) Sunlight is essential for the body to produce Vitamin D. When skin is covered extensively, or when there is limited sunlight exposure, the synthesis of Vitamin D in the body is reduced, leading to a potential deficiency.
45. Webbed adaptation for which mode of life?
Aerial
Terrestrial
Aquatic
Scansorial
(c) Webbed feet are a common adaptation in aquatic animals as they help in paddling and moving efficiently through water.
46. The outer gelatinous covering of Sprogyra is
Pentose and Cellulose
Pectose and Cellulose
Hexose and Cellulose
Cellulose only
(b) The outer gelatinous covering of Spirogyra filaments is primarily composed of pectose (a type of pectin) and cellulose.
47. Australopithecus is
Southern ape
Western ape
Eastern ape
Northern ape
(a) The name Australopithecus literally means 'southern ape', referring to the fact that the first fossils were discovered in South Africa.
48. Insulin and Glucagon are
Insulin is protein, glucagon is lipid
Both are lipids
Glucagon is protein, Insulin is lipid
Both are proteins
(d) Insulin and glucagon are both peptide hormones, meaning they are proteins composed of amino acids. Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, and glucagon is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas.
49. Chloragogen cell of earthworm is analogous to
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Stomach
(b) Chloragogen cells in earthworms are primarily involved in metabolic functions such as synthesis of glycogen and fat, detoxification, and excretion of nitrogenous wastes. These functions are analogous to those performed by the liver in vertebrates.
50. All chordates have
Cranium
Notochord
Vertebral column
Spinal cord
(b) A notochord is a defining characteristic of all chordates at some point in their development. While some chordates may lose it or it may develop into a vertebral column, all have a notochord during their embryonic stage. Cranium is present only in craniates (a subgroup of chordates), vertebral column in vertebrates (a subgroup of craniates), and spinal cord is a neural structure related to the notochord but distinct.
51. Number of ribs in human
12
24
38
36
(b) Humans typically have 12 pairs of ribs, totaling 24 ribs.
52. Setae in earthworm is absent in
First, last and clitellar segment
Second segment
Ninth segment
Clitellar segment
(a) Setae, the bristle-like structures on the ventral and lateral surfaces of each segment in earthworms, are typically absent in the first segment (peristomium), the last segment (pygidium), and the clitellar segments.
53. The joint between Femur and Acetabulum is
Pivot joint
Hinge joint
Ball and Socket joint
Saddle joint
(c) The joint between the femur (thigh bone) and the acetabulum (the cup-like socket in the hip bone) is a ball and socket joint, which allows for a wide range of motion in all directions.
54. The infective stage of plasmodium is
Cryptomerozoites
Trophozoites
Merozoites
Sporozoites
(d) The infective stage of Plasmodium that is transmitted to humans by the Anopheles mosquito is the sporozoite stage.
55. In AIDS, HIV virus infect the cell of human body, then virus detect by the presence of
Glycocalyx of cell membrane
Low density lipid in the cell
Apoprotein of pits
B-lymphocytes
(a) HIV primarily infects helper T cells (a type of lymphocyte) by binding to the CD4 receptors on their surface. The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate layer found on the outer surface of eukaryotic cells, and HIV interacts with specific components on the cell membrane during entry. However, the detection of the virus isn't directly by the general presence of glycocalyx, but rather by the interaction with specific receptors like CD4.
56. In the ABO blood grouping, which of the following is true for antigen-antibody system?
Blood group B has antigen B and Antibody A
A has antigen B and Antibody A
AB has no antigen and AB antibody
O has AB antigen and no antibody
(a) In the ABO blood grouping system:\n- Blood group A has antigen A and antibody B.\n- Blood group B has antigen B and antibody A.\n- Blood group AB has both antigens A and B and no antibodies (neither anti-A nor anti-B).\n- Blood group O has no antigens (neither A nor B) and has both antibodies A and B (both anti-A and anti-B).
57. Azolla is mostly used as biofertilizer as it has
Rhizobium
Fungal hyphae
Cyanobacteria
Mycorrhiza
(c) Azolla, a water fern, is used as a biofertilizer in rice paddies because it has a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena (sometimes called Nostoc), which are capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that plants can use.
58. An organism which is active in sunlight:
Auroral
Diurnal
Nocturnal
Vesperal
(b) Diurnal organisms are active during the day (when there is sunlight). Nocturnal organisms are active at night. Auroral refers to the aurora borealis (northern lights) and aurora australis (southern lights). Vesperal means active in the evening.
59. Epipetalous flowers and syngenesious anthers are found in
Crucuferae
Compositae
Solanaceae
Liliaceae
(b) Epipetalous flowers (stamens attached to petals) and syngenesious anthers (anthers fused together) are characteristic features of the Compositae family (also known as Asteraceae or the sunflower family).
60. In Krebs cycle, α-ketoglutaric acid undergoes decarboxylation in presence of α-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase to form
Succinic acid
Fumaric acid
Succinyl coenzyme A
Oxaloacetic acid
(c) In the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), α-ketoglutaric acid undergoes decarboxylation and dehydrogenation, catalyzed by the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, to form succinyl coenzyme A.
61. Condition having inferior ovary is called as
Epigyny
Hypogyny
Perigyny
Chasmogamous
(a) Epigyny is the condition where the ovary is inferior, meaning that the floral parts (sepals, petals, and stamens) are attached above the ovary.
62. Cells of cartilage are
Chondroblast
Osteoblast
Fibroblast
Goblet cell
(a) Chondroblasts are the cells that produce the extracellular matrix of cartilage. Once they become surrounded by the matrix they have secreted, they are called chondrocytes.
63. Master endocrine gland is
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
Pancrease
Liver
(b) The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master endocrine gland' because it secretes hormones that regulate the activity of many other endocrine glands in the body.
