1. Genetically programmed cell death is called:
- Necrosis
- Gangrene
- Hemoptysis
- Apoptosis
(d) Apoptosis is programmed cell death, distinct from necrosis (unplanned cell death). 2. Vitamin synthesized in bowel is:
(d) Vitamin K is synthesized by gut bacteria (e.g., E. coli) in the large intestine. 3. Nutritive factor lost during polishing of rice is:
- Pyridoxine
- Niacin
- Riboflavin
- Thiamine
(d) Thiamine (B1) is concentrated in rice bran, which is removed during polishing. 4. Which of the following lipoprotein cause coronary heart disease?
(c) LDL (low-density lipoprotein) deposits cholesterol in arteries, causing atherosclerosis. 5. Heart rate decreases due to……..
- Sympathetic nerve supply
- Cranial nerve supply
- Parasympathetic nerve supply
- Autonomous system
(c) Parasympathetic (vagus nerve) activation slows heart rate via acetylcholine. 6. Surrogate mother is the one who:
- Lends ovum
- Lends uterus
- Breast feed the baby
- Nourishes the baby
(b) Surrogate mother provides gestation (uterus) but not genetic material. 7. Nourishment of sperm is by:
- Fructose
- Sucrose
- Glucose
- Galactose
(a) Seminal fluid contains fructose as energy source for sperm motility. 8. Which of the following is remnant of embryonic notochord in adult mammals?
- Vertebral body
- Annulus fibrosus
- Nucleus pulposus
- Peuposus
(c) Nucleus pulposus in intervertebral discs is notochord remnant. 9. Transport protein is:
- Actin
- Albumin
- Myosin
- Keratin
(b) Albumin transports hormones, fatty acids, and drugs in blood. 10. Rh-factor is found in:
(a) Rh antigen (D antigen) is located on red blood cell membranes. 11. Site of Bilirubin production is:
(d) Spleen breaks down old RBCs → bilirubin from heme degradation. 12. Urinary bladder is lined by:
- Squamous epithelium
- Pseudo-stratified sq. epithelium
- Transitional epithelium
- Keratinized stratified sq. epi
(c) Transitional epithelium allows bladder expansion/stretching. 13. Diarrhoea commonly found in children is caused by:
- Protozoa
- Ascarias
- Rotavirus
- Rhino virus
(c) Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea globally. 14. Outermost layer of skin is:
- Epithelium
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Epiblema
(b) Epidermis (stratified squamous epithelium) is the outermost skin layer. 15. SA node is located at……..of R.auricle.
- Superior posteriolateral
- Upper anterior
- Lower medial
- Inferior upper posterior
(a) SA node is at the junction of SVC and right atrium (superior posterolateral). 16. The condition in which there is decrease in conc. of RBC with normal size, colour and haemoglobin content is:
- Microcytic hypochromic
- Microcytic normochromic
- Microcytic hyperchromic
- Normocytic normochromic
(d) Normocytic = normal size; Normochromic = normal Hb content (e.g., aplastic anemia). 17. The cartilage found in human pinna is:
- Hyaline
- Elastic
- Thyroid
- Fibro-elastic cartilage
(b) Elastic cartilage (contains elastin fibers) provides flexible support in pinna. 18. In appendicitis, pain is felt at:
- Lower right abdomen
- Lower left abdomen
- Upper right abdomen
- Upper left abdomen
(a) McBurney's point (RLQ) is the classic location for appendicitis pain. 19. Function of Thyroxine is all EXCEPT:
- Mental development
- Dental development
- Physical development
- Sexual development
(d) Thyroxine regulates metabolism and CNS development but not sexual maturation. 20. Apocrine secretion is found in:
(c) Apocrine sweat glands (release cytoplasm fragments) are in axilla/areola. 21. The compound formed in carbon-monoxide poisoning is:
- Carboxy haemoglobin
- Methoxy haemoglobin
- Carbon monohaemoglobin
- Methyl haemoglobin
(a) CO binds Hb → carboxyhemoglobin (affinity 200× higher than O2). 22. Vitamin A helps in better function of:
- Bleeding
- Control of beriberi
- Eye epithelial cells
- Cure of Scurvy
(c) Vitamin A maintains retinal pigments and corneal epithelium. 23. ADH is produced by:
- Anterior pituitary gland
- Posterior pituitary gland
- Lymph gland
- Liver
(b) ADH (vasopressin) is synthesized in hypothalamus, stored in posterior pituitary. 24. The bone containing Sella turcica is:
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
- Maxilla
- Nasal
(b) Sella turcica (houses pituitary gland) is part of sphenoid bone. 25. Which of the following statement about TB is correct?
- Louis Pasteur discovered the causative bacteria.
- It is mainly transported by fomites
- It affects most of the organs and tissues
- It is cured by multiple drug treatment for a month
(c) TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) can infect lungs, bones, CNS, etc. 26. Prokaryotes possess……ribosomes:
(b) Prokaryotic ribosomes = 70S (50S + 30S subunits). 27. The placental embryo is nourished by:
- Amnion
- Placenta
- Allantois
- Choriod
(b) Placenta facilitates nutrient/waste exchange between mother and fetus. 28. Function of kidney is all except:
- RBC storage
- RBC production
- Glucose metabolism
- Excretion of waste products
(a) Kidneys produce EPO (→RBC production) but don't store RBCs. 29. Rice is covered by small husk. The husk is called:
- Flowering glume
- Palea
- Lemna
- Empty non-flowering glume
(b) Rice husk = palea (inner) + lemma (outer) bracts. 30. The monocot plumule is covered by:
- Coleoriza
- Coleoptile
- Scutellum
- Epicotyl
(b) Coleoptile is the protective sheath covering monocot plumule. 31. Zygomorphic, gametopetalous flower in which the petals are very close to cover the mouth of corolla (as in snapdragon) is called:
- Bilabiate
- Ligulate
- Personate
- Papilionaceous
(c) Personate = masked corolla (e.g., Antirrhinum/snapdragon). 32. Pyrenoids are found in:
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondria
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
(a) Pyrenoids in chloroplasts store starch in algae/plants. 33. The root that becomes thickest in the base and tapers towards the apex (like carrot) is:
- Fusiform
- Tuberous
- Napiform
- Conical
(d) Conical root = broad base, narrow apex (e.g., carrot). 34. The woody twiners or climbers that coil around big trees in forests are:
- Scramblers
- Twiners
- Lianas
- Trailers
(c) Lianas = woody vines in tropical forests (e.g., rattan). 35. Which statement about Cruciferae is wrong?
- Presence of 6 stamen
- Presence of didynamous flower
- Fruit is siliqua
- Presence of Tetramerous flower
(b) Crucifers have tetradynamous stamens (4 long + 2 short), not didynamous. 36. Megasporophyll of gymnosperm is:
- Carpel
- Corolla
- Stamen
- Female cone
(d) Gymnosperm megasporophylls form female cones (e.g., pine scales). 37. Transpiration is high during:
- Low temperature and high humidity
- High temperature and Low humidity
- High humidity
- High water in soil
(b) High temp → more evaporation; low humidity → steeper vapor gradient. 38. Energy for the ATP formation in PSII comes directly from:
- Energy from H+ gradient
- Combination of glucose
- Formation ADP
- Lactic acid formation
(a) Chemiosmosis: H+ gradient drives ATP synthase in thylakoid membrane. 39. Late blight of potato is caused by:
- Phytophthora
- Synchytrium
- Albugo candida
- Fusarium moneliformis
(a) Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight (Irish famine). 40. Xerophytes are characterized by:
- Well developed vascular bundle and sunken stomata
- Well developed vascular bundle and no stomata
- Partially developed vascular bundle and less stomata
- Well developed vascular bundle and more stomata
(a) Xerophytes have sunken stomata (reduce water loss) and robust vasculature. 41. The connecting link between amphibia and reptiles is:
- Protopterus
- Seymoria
- Archeopteryx
- Paripatus
(b) Seymoria (extinct) had amphibian-like skull + reptilian skeleton. 42. The organism having both alternation of generation and alternation of host is:
- Taenia solium
- Ascaris
- Wuchereria bancrofti
- Liver fluke
(d) Fasciola (liver fluke): asexual (snail) + sexual (sheep) stages. 43. Choanocyte cells are found in:
- Protozoa
- Echinodermata
- Porifera
- Coelenterata
(c) Choanocytes (collar cells) are flagellated feeding cells in sponges. 44. The purest form of pearl is produced by:
- Pila
- Pinctada
- Heliotis
- Teredo
(b) Pinctada (marine oysters) produce nacreous pearls. 45. The urinary bladder is absent in:
(c) Birds lack urinary bladder; excrete semisolid uric acid. 46. Centrolecithal eggs are found in:
- Rabbit
- Frog
- Cockroach
- Parrot
(c) Centrolecithal = yolk centralized (insects like cockroach). 47. Haemoglobin dissolved in plasma is found in:
- Cockroach
- Earthworm
- Tapeworm
- Mollusca
(b) Earthworm hemoglobin (erythrocruorin) is extracellular in plasma. 48. Total no. of paramecia formed after conjugation:
(c) Conjugation produces 8 daughter cells (4 from each conjugant). 49. The organs having similar function and different in structure or origin:
- Homologous
- Analogous
- Vestigial
- Parallel
(b) Analogous structures (e.g., wings of bats vs. insects) evolve independently. 50. Migration of fish from fresh water to sea water:
- Catadromous
- Anadromous
- Upstream
- Downstream
(a) Catadromous = freshwater → seawater to spawn (e.g., eels). 51. Metamorphosis in insects is controlled by which hormone:
- Pheromones
- Thyroxine
- Ecdysone
- Juvenile
(c) Ecdysone triggers molting; JH (juvenile hormone) maintains larval stages. 52. Name the condition in which xylem is surrounded in both outer and inner side with phloem:
- Bicollateral
- Collateral
- Exarch
- Endarch
(a) Bicollateral vascular bundles (phloem-xylem-phloem) in Cucurbitaceae. 53. Ribosome in prokaryotes is:
- 70 s type
- 50 s type
- 80 s type
- 40 s type
(a) Prokaryotic ribosome = 70S (50S + 30S subunits). 54. The solubility of \(A_3B_2\) is x. Then the solubility product will be:
(b) For \(A_3B_2 → 3A^{2+} + 2B^{3-}\), \(K_{sp} = (3x)^3(2x)^2 = 108x^5\). 55. The process in which amides are changed into amines is called:
- Friedel Craft's
- Wurtz rxn
- Hoffmann's rxn
- Williamson's synthesis
(c) Hoffmann degradation: \(RCONH_2 + Br_2 + NaOH → RNH_2 + CO_2\). 56. Annealing is the process of:
- Heating steel upto redness and cooling slowly
- Heating steel certain temperature and cooling slowly
- Heating iron rod and cooling fast
- Heating steel very bright and cooling fast
(b) Annealing = heat to critical temp → slow cooling to soften metal. 57. When Cl₂ is reacted with hot and conc. Caustic soda. The product formed is:
- NaCl + NaClO
- NaCl + NaClO₃
- NaClO + NaClO₃
- NaClO₃ + H₂O
(b) 3Cl₂ + 6NaOH (hot) → 5NaCl + NaClO₃ + 3H₂O (chlorate formation). 58. In the following reaction product formed in: \(CH_3COCl \xrightarrow[\text{BaSO}_4]{\text{Pd/H}_2}\)
- Acetaldehyde
- Acetone
- Carboxylic acid
- Acetic anhydride
(a) Rosenmund reduction: \(RCOCl + H_2 → RCHO + HCl\). 59. The compound formed during borax bead test is:
- Metal metaborate
- Orthoborate
- Boric acid
- Tetraborate
(a) Borax bead test forms colored metaborates (e.g., \(Cu(BO_2)_2\)). 60. In schottky defect:
- Equal no. of cations and anions occupy interstitial space
- Equal no. of cations and anions are missing from interstitial spaces
- Density decreases
- Unequal no. of cations and anions are missing from interstitial spaces
(c) Schottky defect = cation + anion vacancies → lower density. 61. In the reaction \(CH_3CH_2OH + HX → CH_3CH_2X + H_2O\) (X = Cl, Br, I), the order of reactivity is:
- HCl > HBr > HI
- HI > HBr > HCl
- HCl > HI > HBr
- HI > HCl > HBr
(b) Reactivity order: HI > HBr > HCl (nucleophilicity increases down halogen group). 62. Which relation is correct?
- △G° = RT lnK
- △G° = RT logK
- △G° = −RT lnK
- △G° = −RT logK
(c) Standard Gibbs free energy: \(ΔG° = -RT \ln K\). 63. The coloured gas is:
(a) NO₂ is reddish-brown; N₂O₄ is colorless solid/liquid. 64. The rate equation \(R = K[A]^{1/2}[B]^{3/2}\) has overall order:
(b) Overall order = sum of exponents (0.5 + 1.5 = 2). 65. Which when reacted with water produces phenol?
- C₆H₅N₂Cl
- C₆H₅Cl
- C₆H₅CH₂Cl
- C₆H₅CHO
(a) Diazonium salt hydrolysis: \(C_6H_5N_2Cl + H_2O → C_6H_5OH + N_2 + HCl\). 66. The unit of specific conductance is:
- ohm⁻¹ cm⁻¹
- ohm.cm
- ohm⁻¹.cm
- ohm cm⁻¹
(a) Specific conductance = 1/resistivity → units ohm⁻¹ cm⁻¹ (S/cm). 67. In the equation \(y = \cos\left(\frac{2π}{60}x\right) \sin(100at)\), at the node, find x:
- 100/2π cm
- 20 cm
- 15 cm
- 12.5 cm
(c) At node, y=0 → cos term must be 0 → \(x = (2n+1)\frac{60}{4} = 15\) cm (n=0). 68. A body of mass 'M' moving north at 'v' m/s collides with same mass moving east. After coalescing, their velocity is:
- v/√2 m/s NE
- √2 m/s NE
- 2v m/s NE
- 2√2 m/s NE
(a) Resultant velocity = \(\sqrt{v^2 + v^2} = v\sqrt{2}\) at 45° (NE). 69. Force per unit length between two conductors (current I, distance b) is:
- \(\frac{μ_o I}{2πb^2}\)
- \(\frac{μ_o I^2}{2πb}\)
- \(\frac{μ_o I}{2πb}\)
- \(\frac{μ_o I^2}{2b}\)
(b) Force/length = \(\frac{μ_0 I_1 I_2}{2πd}\) (here \(I_1 = I_2 = I\), \(d = b\)). 70. A charge of 2 C moving at 0.5 m/s at 30° to a 4 T field experiences force of:
(b) \(F = qvB\sinθ = 2 × 0.5 × 4 × \sin30° = 2\) N. 71. Minimum force to slide a mass 'm' with friction angle θ is:
- mg sinθ
- mg cosθ
- mg tanθ
- mg secθ
(c) Minimum force = \(μmg = (\tanθ)mg\) (since \(μ = \tanθ\)). 72. Camera shutter time adjustment when illuminance changes from 20 cd (2m) to 40 cd (4m) is:
(a) Illuminance ∝ 1/d² → same exposure at both distances (no change needed). 73. Force on test charge q₀ at distance x from sphere radius R is proportional to:
- \(\frac{1}{(R+x)^2}\)
- \((R+x)^2\)
- \((R−x)^2\)
- \(\frac{1}{(R−x)^2}\)
(a) Sphere acts as point charge at center → force ∝ 1/(distance)² = 1/(R+x)². 74. Radar frequency shift (7.8×10⁹ Hz → 2.7×10³ Hz) gives airplane velocity as:
- 1.87×10² km/hr
- 2.87×10² km/hr
- 0.87×10² km/hr
- 3.74×10³ km/hr
(a) Using Doppler shift: \(v = \frac{cΔf}{2f} ≈ 52\) m/s ≈ 187 km/hr. 75. cosϕ in alternating current is called:
- Energy factor
- Phase
- Resonance
- Power factor
(d) Power factor = cosϕ (ϕ = phase difference between V and I). 76. Two thermometers (blackened vs. transparent) in sunlight:
- A heats faster, same final temp
- B heats faster, same final temp
- Same rate, A hotter
- Same rate, B hotter
(a) Black surface absorbs faster but both reach equilibrium (same temp). 77. Focal length of plano-convex lens (radius R, index n) silvered at plane side:
- R/n
- R/(n−1)
- R²/n
- R(n+1)/(n−1)
(b) Effective mirror curvature: \(f = \frac{R}{2(n-1)}\) (Note: Question asks for radius, not focal length). 78. Heat required to raise 5 mole gas temp from 20°C to 25°C at constant volume:
- 100 cal
- 125 cal
- 150 cal
- 175 cal
(b) At constant V: \(Q_V = nC_VΔT = 5 × \frac{5}{2}R × 5 ≈ 125\) cal (using \(C_P - C_V = R\)). 