Q.

Write short notes on: Middle meatus of nasal cavity

(3 + 5= 8)

[2067]

➤

The middle meatus lies underneath the middle concha.  
It presents the following features: 

1. The ethmoidal bulla is a rounded elevation produced by the underlying middle ethmoidal sinuses which open at upper margin of bulla.
2. The hiatus semilunaris is a deep semicircular sulcus below the bulla.
3. The infundibulum is a short passage at the anterior end of the hiatus.
4. The opening of frontal air sinus is seen in the anterior part of hiatus semilunaris (Fig. 15.8).
5. The opening of the anterior ethmoidal air sinus is present behind the opening of frontal air sinus.
6. The opening of maxillary air sinus is located in posterior part of the hiatus semilunaris. It is often represented by two openings.

Q.

Name the structures forming the median nasal septum. Add a note on its arterial supply and clinical importance.

[2062, 2067]

➤

Median Nasal Septum is formed by following 3 parts:

1. Bony part:   
   The bony part is formed almost entirely by: 
   1. The vomer 
   2. The perpendicular plate of ethmoid.   
      However, its margins receive contributions from the nasal spine of the frontal bone, the rostrum of the sphenoid, and the nasal crests of the nasal, palatine and maxillary bones.
2. Cartilaginous part:   
   The cartilaginous part is formed by: 
   1. The septal cartilage 
   2. The septal processes of the inferior nasal cartilages.
3. Cuticular part:   
   The cuticular part or lower end is formed by fibrofatty tissue covered by skin. The lower margin of the septum is called the columella.

Arterial Supply:

1. Anterosuperior part: Anterior ethmoidal artery and Posterior ethmoidal artery
2. Anteroinferior part: Septal branch of Superior labial branch of facial artery
3. Posterosuperior part: Sphenopalatine artery

Clinical importance:

The anteroinferior part or vestibule of the septum contains anastomoses between all branches, e.g. the septal branch of the superior labial branch of the facial artery, sphenopalatine artery, and anterior ethmoidal artery. These form a large capillary network called the Kiesselbach’s plexus. This is a common site of bleeding from the nose or epistaxis, and is known as Little’s area.

Q.

Sort the structures making nasal septum and its blood supply.

[2060]

➤

Q.

Mention the structures that form median nasal septum. What is its arterial supply? Add a note on its applied anatomy.

➤

Q.

Briefly describe the formation and blood supply of nasal septum. Add a note on its applied anatomy.

[2058]

➤

Q.

Write short notes on Medial nasal septum.

[2076]

➤

The nasal septum is a median osseocartilaginous partition between the two halves of the nasal cavity. On each side, it is covered by mucous membrane and forms the medial wall of both nasal cavities.

Median Nasal Septum is formed by following 3 parts:

1. Bony part:   
   The bony part is formed almost entirely by: 
   1. The vomer 
   2. The perpendicular plate of ethmoid.   
      However, its margins receive contributions from the nasal spine of the frontal bone, the rostrum of the sphenoid, and the nasal crests of the nasal, palatine and maxillary bones.
2. Cartilaginous part:   
   The cartilaginous part is formed by: 
   1. The septal cartilage 
   2. The septal processes of the inferior nasal cartilages.
3. Cuticular part:   
   The cuticular part or lower end is formed by fibrofatty tissue covered by skin. The lower margin of the septum is called the columella.

Arterial Supply:

1. Anterosuperior part: Anterior ethmoidal artery and Posterior ethmoidal artery
2. Anteroinferior part: Septal branch of Superior labial branch of facial artery
3. Posterosuperior part: Sphenopalatine artery

Clinical importance:

The anteroinferior part or vestibule of the septum contains anastomoses between all branches, e.g. the septal branch of the superior labial branch of the facial artery, sphenopalatine artery, and anterior ethmoidal artery. These form a large capillary network called the Kiesselbach’s plexus. This is a common site of bleeding from the nose or epistaxis, and is known as Little’s area.

Q.

Write short note on Openings in the lateral nasal wall.

[2056]

➤

Lateral nasal wall consists of 7 openings in the following recess and meatuses.

1. Sphenoethomoidal recess:
   1. It receives the opening of the sphenoidal air sinus.
2. Superior meatus
   1. It receives the openings of the posterior ethmoidal air sinuses.
3. Middle meatus
   1. The opening of frontal air sinus is seen in the anterior part of hiatus semilunaris (Fig. 15.8).
   2. The opening of the anterior ethmoidal air sinus is present behind the opening of frontal air sinus.
   3. The opening of maxillary air sinus is located in posterior part of the hiatus semilunaris. It is often represented by two openings.
4. Inferior meatus
   1. It receives the opening of Nasolacrimal duct.

Q.

List the structures in the formation of the bony and cartilaginous parts of the nasal septum.

[2054]

➤

Q.

Write short note on: Bony part of nasal septum

[2054]

➤

Q.

Desribe the normal anatomy of lateral wall of nasal cavity in brief.

(5= 5)

[2071]

➤

Q.

Name the cartilage of external nose. Explain the features of lateral nasal wall along with its arterial supply.

(1 + 3 + 1= 5)

[2075]

➤

Q.

Explain the structure of Medial wall of nasal cavity (Nasal septum). Describe the formation and significance of Kiesselbach plexus.

(3 + 1 + 1= 5)

[2077]

➤