1. Anatomy
    2. 1. Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis Cerebri)
    2. Thyroid Gland
  2. Physiology
    3. 3. Introduction to Endocrinology
    4. any
  3. Pathology
  4. Pharmacology
  5. Microbiology
  6. Biochemistry
Physiology
3. Introduction to Endocrinology
CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONES
According to Chemical structure
Protein hormones/ Peptide hormones
Amine hormones/ Amino acid derivative hormones
Steroid hormones
According to Mechanism of Action
Hormones acting on Cell membrane receptors
Hormones acting at enzyme linked receptor
mermaid
    Hormones acting via second messenger system
    Adenyly cyclase-cAMP second messenger system
    mermaid
      Examples
      1. Epinephrine
      2. Glucagon
      3. Nor-epinephrine
      4. TSH
      5. FSH
      6. LH
      7. ACTH
      8. PTH
      9. Calcitonin
      10. Hypothalamic releasing hormones
      11. Vasopressin (V2)
      IP3-DAG second messenger system
      mermaid
        Cyclic GMP (cGMP) as second messenter
        Examples
        1. ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)
        2. NO (Nitric Oxide)
        JAK/STAT mechanism
        mechanism
        mermaid
          Examples
          1. Growth hormones
          2. Erythropoietin
          3. Cytokines
          Hormones acting at cytoplasmic receptor
          mechanism
          mermaid
            Examples
            1. All steroid hormones
            Hormones acting at nuclear receptor
            Mechanism
            mermaid
              Examples
              1. Thyroxine (T4)
              2. Triiodothyronine (T3)

              Question Answers

              Q.

              Which hormones act on the cell membrane, cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors? Explain up-regulation and down-regulation.

              (2 + 2= 4)

              [2071]

              ➤

              Q.

              Classify hormones. Describe the mechanism of action of peptide hormones.

              (2 + 2= 4)

              [2065]

              ➤

              Q.

              Write short note on Peptide hormones.

              (2= 2)

              [2064]

              ➤

              Q.

              Describe briefly and in tabular form the important polypeptide hormones and their action.

              (4= 4)

              [2062]

              ➤

              Q.

              Describe negative feedback control mechanism with an example.

              [2055]

              ➤

              Q.

              Write short notes on Receptor concept and mode of action of steriod hormones.

              (3= 3)

              [2055]

              ➤

              Q.

              Write in short the mode of action of peptide hormones.

              (3= 3)

              [2052]

              ➤

              Q.

              Define steroid hormone. What is the mechanism of action of a steroidal hormones in a target cell.

              [2053]

              ➤

              Q.

              Explain mechanism of action of steroid hormone.

              (4= 4)

              [2076]

              ➤