1. Air-sacs are modifications of[MOE 2069]
- Stomach
- Liver
- Lungs
- Pancreas
(c) Air-sacs are extensions of the lungs found in birds for efficient respiration. 2. Bohr's effect is the:[MOE 2069/2068]
- Mass movement of Na ions from the axoplasm to the surrounding interstitial fluid of oxy-haemoglobin in the blood
- Dissociation of oxy-haemoglobin in the blood capillaries due to the effect of CO2 concentration in the body cells
- Exchanging between HCO3- of the RBC and Cl- of the blood plasma
- Effect of neurohumors on pacemaker for heart beating
(b) Bohr's effect describes how increased CO2 concentration decreases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. 3. Eustachian tube connects:[IOM 2009/MOE 2065 kartik/MOE 2065 asadh]
- Middle ear and pharynx
- Internal ear and pharynx
- Middle ear and internal ear
- External ear and middle ear
(a) The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx. 4. Total number of oxygen molecules that can bind to a single haemoglobin molecule under normal partial Pressure[KU 2012]
(d) Each hemoglobin molecule has four heme groups, each capable of binding one oxygen molecule. 5. The normal volume of air that is expelled or inhaled during normal breathing is:[BPKIHS 2012]
- Tidal volume
- Vital capacity
- Dead air space
- ERV
(a) Tidal volume is the amount of air moved during normal quiet breathing. 6. Pneumotaxic centre related to respiration is located[BPKIHS 2012]
- Medulla oblongata
- Crura cerebri
- Pons varoli
- Parietal lobe
(c) The pneumotaxic center is located in the upper pons and helps regulate respiration. 7. Respiratory centers which control inspiration and expiration are located in:
- Medulla oblongata
- Hypothalamus
- Spinal cord
- Cerebellum
(a) The medulla oblongata contains the primary respiratory centers. 8. Hyaline cartilage is found in:[MOE 2066]
- Pubic symphysis
- Pinna
- Suprascapula
- Trachea
(d) The trachea contains C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage for structural support. 9. When CO2 concentration in blood increases, breathing becomes;[IE 2010]
- faster and deeper
- shallower and slow
- no effect on breathing
- slow and deep
(a) Increased CO2 stimulates chemoreceptors, increasing respiratory rate and depth. 10. A unique feature of mammalian body is presence of :[IE 2009]
- four chambered heart
- diaphragm
- homeothermic
- rib cage
(b) The diaphragm is a unique muscular structure found only in mammals. 11. The amount of air which cannot be expelled from the lungs is called:[BPKIHS 2007]
- tidal volume
- inspiratory reserve volume
- residual volume
- expiratory volume
(c) Residual volume is the air remaining in lungs after maximal expiration. 12. People living in high altitude will have[IOM 2006]
- high haemoglobin concentration
- low haemoglobin concentration
- normal haemoglobin concentration
- increased heart rate
(a) High altitude leads to increased hemoglobin to compensate for lower oxygen. 13. Haemoptysis means[IOM 2006]
- vomiting of blood
- coughing out of blood
- blood in the urine
- blood in the stool
(b) Haemoptysis specifically refers to coughing up blood from respiratory tract. 14. Amount of air expelled during normal breathing at rest is referred as:[KU 2006]
- expiratory reserve volume
- residual volume
- vital capacity
- tidal volume
(d) Tidal volume is the normal volume of air displaced during breathing at rest. 15. Total lung capacity is[IOM 2005]
(c) Average total lung capacity in adults is about 6 liters. 16. A person dying due to lack of breathing has[IOM -2005]
- Asphyxia
- Coma
- Dysphasia
- Dysphagia
(a) Asphyxia refers to severe hypoxia leading to unconsciousness or death. 17. Carbonic anhydrase enzyme is required for the transportation of:[BPKIHS 2005]
(b) Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate for transport. 18. Vital capacity refers to the[IOM 2004]
- Pulmonary function test
- Capacity of the vital centers of the brain
- Power of leg muscles
- Pumping power of the heart
(a) Vital capacity is the maximum air expelled after maximum inhalation (a lung function test). 19. High altitude sickness is due to[IOM - 2000]
- Low O2 concentration
- High O2 concentration
- Low CO2 concentration
- High CO2 concentration
(a) Altitude sickness results from hypoxia at high elevations. 20. One of the following muscles is not involved in quiet respiration[IOM - 1995]
- Abdominal muscles
- Diaphragm
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Intercostal muscles
(c) Sternocleidomastoid is only used during forced respiration. 21. Body temperature is regulated by[IOM 1995]
- Kidneys, lungs, ears
- Skin, mouth, nose
- Skin, mouth, lungs
- Skin, mouth, ears
(c) Skin (sweating), mouth (panting), and lungs (through gas exchange) help thermoregulate. 22. Active respiration includes all except[IOM 1994]
- Trachea
- Diaphragm
- Thorax
- Intercostal muscles
(a) Trachea is part of the airway but not an active respiratory muscle. 23. When iron of hemoglobin changes from Fe+2 to Fe+3 the changed hemoglobin is called[IOM 1993]
- Myoglobin
- Methemoglobin
- Carboxyhemoglobin
- Oxyhemoglobin
(b) Methemoglobin contains oxidized iron (Fe3+) that cannot bind oxygen. 24. During expiration, abdomen moves inward and diaphragm[IOM - 1993]
- Descend downward
- Recoils upward
- Becomes flattened
- Remains stationary
(b) During expiration, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward. 25. The normal pressure within the thoracic pleural cavity is[IOM-1993]
- Positive
- Negative
- Zero
- Changes between positive and negative
(b) Negative intrapleural pressure prevents lung collapse. 26. Basal metabolic rate depends on[IOM 1993]
- Body temperature
- Environment temperature
- Surface area of the body
- All of the above
(d) BMR is influenced by multiple factors including those listed. 27. In adult humans, trachea bifurcates at the level of thoracic vertebra[IOM]
(a) The carina (tracheal bifurcation) is at T5 vertebral level. 28. Hamburger Phenomenon is related with[KU 2013]
- O2 dissociation
- chloride shift
- Bicarbonate shift
- CO2 dissociation
(b) The chloride shift maintains electrical neutrality during CO2 transport. 29. Dypsnea is:[BPKIHS 2016]
- Normal breathing
- Difficulty in breathing
- Both
- None
(b) Dyspnea refers to labored or difficult breathing. 30. A person inhabiting the environment of high atmospheric pressure develops with respiratory disorder:[BPKIHS 2015]
- Pulmonary oedema
- Embolus
- Emphysema
- Bronchitis
(a) High pressure can cause fluid accumulation in lungs (pulmonary edema). 31. Bohr's effect is the:[MOE 2012]
- Effect of neurohormone on heart wall for beating
- Effect of higher level of CO2 in cells to dissociate oxyhaemoglobin in RBC
- Exchange of HCO3- and Cl- between the RBC and plasma
- Mass movement of Na through neuron cell membrane
(b) Bohr's effect describes CO2-induced oxygen release from hemoglobin. 
