49. How many teeth in man grow twice in life? (AFMC)
12
20
28
32
() b
50. The hardest substance in vertebrate body is
Keratin
Dentine
Chondrin
Enamel
() b
51. Wisdom teeth in man are:
Four
Two
Six
Eight
() a
52. Heterodont condition is found in:
Cat
Rabbit
Bat
All of these
() d
53. Tusk of an elephant is an enormously enlarged:
Upper canine
Upper incisor
Lower incisor
Lower canine
() a
54. Teeth of adult man not present in milk dentition are:
Molars
Premolars
Canines
Incisors
() b
55. Number of incisors, canines, premolars and molars in each jaw of man is:
2,1,2,3
2,1,3,2
2,2,2,3
2,1,2,2
() a
56. Carnassial teeth are modified for: (BV Pune 2003; BCECE 2006)
Cutting
Tearing
Grinding
Crushing
() b
57. The element that hardens the tooth enamel is:
Sodium
Iodine
Fluorine
Calcium
() c
58. The hardest constituent of tooth is:
Bone
Dentine
Enamel
Pulp
() c
59. The pulp cavity is lined by: (RPMT 2005, 06; VMMC-Safdarjung 2007)
Osteoblasts
Chondroblasts
Odontoblasts
Ameloblasts
() c
60. Diastema is associated with: (Har. PMT 2007)
Organ of Corti
Retinal cells
Presence of certain teeth
Absence of certain teeth
() d
61. Wisdom teeth in man are: (CPMT 2002; AFMC 2005)
Incisors
First premolar
Last molars
All of these
() c
62. Which one of these are most essential for body growth and formation of new cells?
Sugars
Proteins
Vitamins
Mineral salts
() b
63. Which one of these carbohydrates is a monosaccharide?
Starch
Glucose
Sucrose
Cellulose
() b
64. The number of essential amino acids in adult human is: (Odisha JEE 2009)
Four
Nine
Eight
Seven
() b
65. Amino acids not synthesized in body are called:
Non-essential
Active
Inactive
Essential
() d
66. Milk, eggs and meat are good sources of:
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Carbohydrates
() a
67. A man is said to be starving when:
Food meets energy loss
Food is not meeting energy loss
Diet is deficient in protein
Stomach is not filled by food
() b
68. Proteins are mainly required in the body for:
Growth
Repair of tissues
Both of these
None of these
() c
69. Milk protein is:
Lactogen
Casein
Lactose
Myosin
() b
70. Another substance of the category of glucose, sucrose and maltose is:
Haemoglobin
Starch
Amino acid
Myoglobin
() b
71. During prolonged starvation, body derives nutrition from storage of:
Spleen
Adipose tissue
Subcutaneous fat
Liver cells
() c
72. Fats are richly found in:
Areolar tissue
Lungs
Lymph glands
Adipose tissue
() d
73. Essential amino acids are those which are:
Taken from food
Needed in vital activities
Synthesized in body
None of the above
() a
74. If food intake is greater than energy used the surplus is deposited as:
Fat
Glycogen
Fat and Glycogen
Proteins
() c
75. Which of the following yields twice as many calories per gram as carbohydrate?
Proteins
Fat
Minerals
Vitamins
() b
76. Food is kept as reserve food in certain organs. Which is the correct organ?
Liver
Spleen
Brain
Heart
() a
77. All are essential amino acids except:
Glycine
Tryptophan
Valine
Phenylalanine
() a
78. Obesity can be controlled by reducing intake of calories from:
Proteins
Minerals
Vitamins
Fats and Carbohydrates
() d
79. The food that gives more calories per unit of mass is:
Fat
Protein
Carbohydrate
Vitamins
() a
80. A semi indispensable amino acid is:
Arginine
Glycine
Leucine
Tyrosine
() a
81. An amino acid has the following structure: (H2N-CH(R)-COOH). Which two groups combine to form the peptide linkage?
1-3
2-3
1-4
1-2
() b
82. Which amino acid is denoted by symbol F?
Phenylalanine
Proline
Tryptophan
Methionine
() a
83. Which amino acid is denoted by symbol K?
Threonine
Lysine
Tyrosine
Phenylalanine
() b
84. Which amino acid is denoted by symbol W?
Methionine
Glycine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine
() c
85. A doctor advises a person for taking more meat, butter, and eggs. The person is suffering from:
Scurvy
Ricket
Night blindness
Kwashiorkor
() b
86. Best source of casein is:
Rice
Milk
Egg
Meat
() b
87. Which of the following is a non-essential amino acid?
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Valine
Leucine
() a
88. Which of the following is an essential amino acid?
Threonine
Alanine
Glycine
Proline
() a
89. Most complex amino acid having ring structure is:
Glycine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine
Leucine
() b
90. Which one of the following is a nutritionally essential amino acid for humans?
Phenylalanine
Serine
Aspartic acid
Glycine
() a
91. Which one of the following amino acids is considered semi-indispensable for human nutrition?
Arginine
Lysine
Leucine
Valine
() a
92. If a person lives exclusively on a diet of milk, eggs and bread he is likely to suffer from:
Scurvy
Rickets
Beri-beri
Night blindness
() b
93. Which of these is the best source of vitamin A?
Peanuts
Honey
Carrot
Apple
() c
94. Deficiency of vitamin A causes:
Beri-beri
Rickets
Retarded growth
Night blindness
() d
95. Prolonged deficiency of Vitamin B1 in human diet may lead to:
Pellagra
Beri-beri
Scurvy
Cheilosis
() b
96. Which one is not true about vitamins?
Vitamins are organic catalysts
Vitamins are indispensable for life
Vitamins act as source of energy
Tocopherol is anti-sterility vitamin
() c
97. One of the richest source of vitamin B1 (thiamine) is:
Cod liver oil
Eggs
Whole wheat bread
Curd
() c
98. Scurvy is a disease caused by:
A virus
Deficiency of vitamin E
Deficiency of ascorbic acid
Deficiency of vitamin D
() c
99. Beri-beri (neuritis) is caused due to deficiency of vitamin:
B1
B12
B6
C
() a
100. Vitamin necessary for blood clotting is:
B1
Vitamin K
C
D
() b
101. Ascorbic acid is:
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Biotin
() c
102. Pernicious anaemia is caused by deficiency of vitamin:
B1
B6
B12
C
() c
103. Certain B vitamins act as:
Enzymes
Co-enzymes
Digestive substance
Hormones
() b
104. Which one of the following vitamin is essential for DNA synthesis and cell division?
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Folic acid
Vitamin E
() c
105. Vitamin K is required for:
Respiration
Synthesis of prothrombin
Calcium metabolism
Carbohydrate metabolism
() b
106. Which pairing is not correct?
Thiamine — Beri-beri
Vitamin D — Rickets
Niacin — Pellagra
Vitamin K — Sterility
() d
107. Rickets can be prevented by taking:
Calciferol
Carrots
Oranges
Green vegetables
() a
108. Deficiency of vitamin C causes:
Night blindness
Pellagra
Beri-beri
Scurvy
() d
109. Which of the following is not a function of vitamin?
Growth
Cell maturation
Formation of organs
Maintenance of organs
() c
110. Pellagra is caused due to prolonged deficiency of:
Thiamine
Ascorbic acid
Niacin
Folic acid
() c
111. Night blindness is caused by deficiency of:
Vitamin C
Vitamin B
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
() c
112. Matching pair of deficient nutrient and resultant disease characterized by swollen lips, thick pigmented skin of hands and legs and irritability:
Thiamine — Beri-beri
Nicotinamide — Pellagra
Iodine — Goitre
Protein — Kwashiorkor
() b
113. Which one is correctly matched?
Vitamin A — Thiamine
Vitamin B — Calciferol
Vitamin D — Riboflavin
Vitamin E — Tocopherol
() d
114. A person will suffer from beri-beri, rickets and scurvy if he is not consuming adequate amounts of vitamins:
B6, A and K
BE, A and C
Bl, D and C
A, B1 and E
() c
115. Calcium deficiency in the body occurs in the absence of vitamin:
A
B1
D
C
() c
116. Regular inclusion of citrus fruits in one's diet would prevent:
Pellagra
Scurvy
Night blindness
Beri-beri
() b
117. Vitamins for animals are those which:
Increase instinctive power
Are used as extra sources of energy
The organism needs but cannot make in the body
Are stored as fuel
() c
118. Fat-soluble vitamins are:
A, B and C
A, B and D
A, D, E and K
C and D
() c
119. Nyctalopia is caused by deficiency of the vitamin:
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
() a
120. The term 'Vitamin' was given by:
James Lind
Funk
Starling
Calvin
() b
121. In scurvy, post-transcriptional modification of proteins fails to result in the formation of:
Lipoproteins
Tryptophan
Hydroxyproline
Histidine
() c
122. Which of the following is required for the development of erythrocytes?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
() b
123. Vitamins synthesized by intestinal bacteria and absorbed in:
Folic acid
Vitamin B12
Riboflavin
Thiamine
() b
124. Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins requires:
Pancreatic lipase
Chymotrypsin
Intrinsic factor
None of these
() a
125. Vitamin B12 is absorbed primarily in the:
Stomach
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
() d
126. Vitamin B12 takes part in:
Increase in blood pressure
Decrease in blood pressure
Activating bone marrow
Maturation of RBCs
() d
127. Bow-shaped legs in children are due to deficiency of vitamin:
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Vitamin B1
() b
128. Prolonged thiamine deficiency in diet leads to:
Loss of muscle tone and damage to nerves
Pellagra
Haemorrhage
Anaemia
() a
129. Castle's intrinsic factor is connected with internal absorption of:
Pyridoxine
Riboflavin
Thiamine
Cobalamine
() d
130. Vitamin containing cobalt is:
B1
B6
B12
C
() c
131. Which is not a micronutrient?
Ca
Cu
Mo
All are micronutrients
() a
132. Rickets and Kwashiorkor are:
Hereditary diseases
Infectious diseases
Communicable diseases
Deficiency diseases
() d
133. A good source of vitamins A and D is:
Whole cereal
Cod liver oil
Yeast
Watermelon
() b
134. Riboflavin deficiency causes which disease?
Scurvy
Pellagra
Beri-beri
Cheilosis
() d
135. Deficiency of vitamin A results in:
Scurvy
Xerophthalmia
Beri-beri
Rickets
() b
136. The chief function of bile is to:
Regulate the process of digestion
Eliminate waste products
Emulsify fats for digestion
Digest fat by enzymatic action
() c
137. Curdling of milk in stomach occurs by the action of:
Trypsin
Erepsin
Rennin
Chymotrypsin
() c
138. The enzyme invertase hydrolyses:
Glucose to sucrose
Starch to sucrose
Cellulose to starch
Sucrose to glucose and fructose
() d
139. The enzyme trypsin is found in:
Pancreatic juice
Mucus
Intestinal juice
Saliva
() a
140. Some proteolytic enzymes are:
Amylase, Lipase and Zymase
Trypsin, Erepsin and Pepsin
Urease, Dehydrogenase and Zymase
Amylopsin, Steapsin and Ptyalin
() b
141. Which of the following digestive juices have the minimum amount?
Gastric juice
Bile
Pancreatic juice
Saliva
() b
142. Amylopsin acts upon:
Polysaccharide in any medium
Polysaccharide in acidic medium
Polysaccharide in alkaline medium
Polypeptides
() a
143. Pepsin converts:
Fats into fatty acids
Glycogen to maltose
Sucrose to glucose
Proteins to peptones
() d
144. Which group contains biocatalysts?
Myosin, Oxytocin, Adrenalin
Peptidase, Amylase, Rennin
Glucose, Amino acids, Fatty acids
Rhodopsin, Pepsin, Steapsin
() b
145. Function of HCl in stomach is to:
Kill microorganisms of food
Facilitate absorption of food
Dissolve enzymes secreted by gastric glands
Activate trypsinogen to trypsin
() a
146. Rennin acts on milk proteins and converts:
Caseinogen to paracasein
Paracasein into caseinogen
Caseinogen to casein
Casein into paracasein
() a
147. Which is not the function of HCl in stomach?
Breaking down proteins into peptones
Killing bacteria ingested with food
Promoting the formation of pepsin
Softening fibrous food elements
() d
148. Enzyme pepsin acts upon food at a pH of about:
Two to split proteins
Two to split carbohydrates
Seven to change proteins to peptones
Two to change proteins into amino acids
() a
149. Pancreatic juice takes part in digestion of:
Proteins and Carbohydrates
Proteins, Fats and Carbohydrates
Proteins and Fats
Proteins only
() b
150. Trypsin differs from pepsin in that:
It digests proteins in alkaline medium and not in acidic medium
It digests proteins in acidic medium and not in alkaline medium
Both of the above
None of the above
() a
151. Digestion is defined as conversion of:
Large food particles into smaller ones
Non-diffusible food elements into diffusible constituents
Starch into glycogen
Soluble food into protoplasm
() b
152. Enzyme maltase in human gut acts on food at a pH of:
More than seven to change starch into maltose
Less than seven to change starch into maltose
More than seven to change maltose into glucose
Less than seven to change maltose into glucose
() c
153. Enterokinase stimulates:
Trypsin
Pepsin
Trypsinogen
Pepsinogen
() c
154. Medium in which pepsin is active:
Neutral
Alkaline
Acidic
Isotonic
() c
155. Pancreatic juice is released into:
Ileum
Duodenum
Jejunum
Stomach
() b
156. Absence of which of these in bile will make fat digestion difficult?
Cholesterol
Salts
Pigments
Acids
() b
157. Which two enzymes are present in human gastric juice?
HCl and Pepsin
Trypsin and Rennin
Pepsin and Rennin
Only trypsin
() c
158. Chymotrypsin acts upon:
Starch in duodenum
Proteins in stomach
Proteins in duodenum in acidic medium
Proteins in duodenum in alkaline medium
() d
159. Symbiotic bacteria present in the intestine of most primates which synthesize certain vitamins are:
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba gingivalis
None of the above
() d
160. Saliva contains:
Ptyalin
Lipase
Trypsin
Rennin
() a
161. Salivary amylase, a digestive enzyme promotes digestion of:
Fats
Proteins
Carbohydrates
All of these
() c
162. Which of the following enzyme digest protein in stomach?
Pepsin
Trypsin
Erepsin
None of these
() a
163. Which term is used for action of bile salts on fat?
Hydrolysis
Putrefaction
Oxidation
Emulsification
() d
164. 1—4 glycosidic bonds are broken when:
Lipid is digested by lipase
Starch is digested by amylase
Protein is digested by pepsin
None of the above
() b
165. All digestive enzymes are:
Hydrolases
Ligases
Transferases
Oxidases
() a
166. Which cells of gastric mucosa secrete pepsinogen?
Parietal
Oxyntic
Chief cells
Goblet
() c
167. Emulsification of fats is brought about by:
Bile pigments
Bile salts
Pancreatic juice
HCl
() b
168. Statement common to amylase, rennin and trypsin:
These are produced in stomach
These act at a pH lower than 7
These are all proteolytic enzymes
These are all proteins
() d
169. Largest variety of digestive enzymes is found in:
Omnivores
Herbivores
Carnivores
Parasites
() a
170. Correct pairing of site of action and substrate of rennin:
Stomach — Fat
Small intestine — Protein
Stomach — Casein
Mouth — Starch
() c
171. Trypsin helps in digestion of proteins in:
Stomach in acidic medium
Duodenum in acidic medium
Stomach in alkaline medium
Duodenum in alkaline medium
() d
172. Which enzyme will digest protein if pH is 1.6?
Pepsin
Trypsin
Propepsin
Erepsin
() a
173. Match the pair:
(a) Islets of Langerhans — Secretin
(b) Adrenal cortex — Vasopressin
(c) Salivary glands — Amylase
(d) Pituitary glands — Thyroxine
() c
174. If pH of stomach is made 7, which component of food would be affected?
Starch
Protein
Fat
Sucrose
() b
175. Trypsinogen is changed to trypsin by:
Gastlin
Enterogastrone
Enterokinase
Secretin
() c
176. Trypsin changes:
Fats into fatty acids
Proteins into peptones
Starch and Glycogen into maltose
Maltose into its components
() b
177. The hormone cholecystokinin, released from intestinal epithelium stimulates:
Release of bile from gall bladder
Secretion of pancreatic juice
Conversion of protein to peptones
Conversion of fats into glycerol
() b
178. Secretin hormone is produced in:
Stomach and stimulates gastric glands
Intestine and stimulates gastric glands
Intestine and stimulates pancreas
Liver and stimulates gall bladder
() c
179. Hormone involved in discharge of pancreatic juice in mammals:
Secretin
Secretin and CCK
Gastrin
Enterogastrone
() b
180. The hormone 'secretin' stimulates secretion of:
Pancreatic juice
Bile juice
Both of these
Gastric juice
() a
181. Gall bladder is stimulated by:
Enterogastrone
Secretin
Cholecystokinin
Enterokinase
() c
182. Function of enterogastrone is:
Regulation of flow of bile
Inhibition of gastric secretion
Stimulation of gastric secretion
Stimulation of flow of pancreatic juice
() b
183. Glucose and amino acids are absorbed in the intestine by:
Active transport
Osmosis
Passive transport
Selective absorption
() a
184. The fats absorbed from the gut are transported to the blood in the form of:
Chylomicrons
Micelles
Chemomicrons
Liposomes
() a
185. Rickets occurs in children due to deficiency of vitamin:
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Vitamin B
() b
186. Enterokinase helps in the conversion of:
Caseinogen to casein
Protein to polypeptides
Pepsinogen to pepsin
Trypsinogen into trypsin
() d
187. Match the items in Column (Vitamins) with those in Column II (Deficiency diseases): Beri-beri, Haemorrhagic disease of newborn, Night blindness, Rickets. Which one of the following is the correct matching of all the four vitamins?
()
188. A dental disease characterized by mottling of teeth is due to presence of a certain chemical element in drinking water. Which is that element?
Boron
Chlorine
Fluorine
Mercury
() c
189. Choose the correct enzyme-substrate pair:
Maltase — Lactose
Rennin — Casein
Lipase — Carbohydrate
Amylase — Protein
() b
190. pH of saliva is:
6.8
7.0
8.0
9.5
() c
191. The main importance of villi is:
It acts as nerve transmitter
It absorbs only protein material
It secretes enzymes
It increases surface area for the absorption of digested food
() d
192. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach is secreted by:
Chief cells
Zymogen cells
Parietal cells
None of these
() c
193. The pH of succus entericus is:
7.6
6.6
5.6
2.0
() a
194. Secretin hormone stimulates:
Stomach
Pancreas
Gall bladder
Crypts of Lieberkuhn
() b
195. Digestion of protein takes place in:
Intestine and Rectum
Small and Large intestine
Stomach and Oesophagus
Duodenum and Stomach
() d
196. Deficiency of calciferol causes:
Scurvy
Leucopenia
Leukaemia
Rickets
() d
197. Major cause of anaemia is the deficiency of:
Ca
Fe
Na
Mg
() b
198. Continuous bleeding from an injured part of body is due to deficiency of:
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
Vitamin B
Vitamin K
() d
199. Which of these causes contraction of the gall bladder?
Pepsin
Secretion
Gastrin
Cholecystokinin
() d
200. In the absence of enterokinase, the digestion of ______ would be affected in our intestine.
Starch
Albumin
Maltose
Amino acid
() b
201. The enzyme used to convert proteins into proteoses and peptones is:
Erepsin
Trypsin
Pepsin
Peptidase
() c
202. In mammals, a significant role in the digestion of milk is played by:
Rennin
Intestinal bacteria
Invertase
Pancreatic amylase
() a
203. Assertion (A): Polypeptidase acts on the peptide linkages of proteins and breaks them into smaller molecules. Water molecules are necessary for this reaction. Reason (R): All digestive enzymes belong to hydrolase class. Select correct answer:
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(A) is true statement but (R) is false
Both (A) and (R) are false
() a
204. Beri-beri is caused by the deficiency of vitamin:
B1
B2
B6
B12
() a
205. Layers of cells that secrete enamel of tooth is:
Osteoblast
Dontoblast
Odontoblast
Ameloblast
() d
206. Which of the following is a protein deficiency disease?
Cirrhosis
Night blindness
Eczema
Kwashiorkor
() d
207. Muscular contraction of alimentary canal is known as:
Circulation
Peristalsis
Absorption
Digestion
() b
208. Calcium deposition in bones and teeth is due to vitamin:
A
C
D
E
() c
209. Assertion (A): Thiamine deficiency results in beri-beri causing paralysis. Reason (R): People eating raw fish may also suffer from paralysis due to the deficiency of vitamin B1; cooked fish has no such effect. Select correct option:
(A) is true statement but (R) is false
Both (A) and (R) are false
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
() a
210. Assertion (A): Minerals are not biologically active substances. Reason (R): Some individuals suffer from anaemia due to the deficiency of iron. Select correct option:
(A) is true statement but (R) is false
Both (A) and (R) are false
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
() d
211. The function of microvilli in the intestine of mammals is to:
Secrete digestive enzymes
Digest fat
Secrete gastric juice
Increase absorption area
() d
212. Oxyntic cells secrete:
HCl
NaOH
Pepsin
Trypsin
() a
213. Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?
Vitamin K — Beri-beri
Vitamin A — Xerophthalmia
Vitamin D — Rickets
Vitamin C — Scurvy
() a
214. The daily dietary requirement of a moderately active adult individual is approximately:
1000 kcal
4000 kcal
8000 kcal
2500 kcal
() d
215. Chylomicrons are:
Undigested proteins
Undigested carbohydrates
Fat droplets coated with phospholipids
Fat droplets coated with glycerol and proteins
() c
216. Starch is converted to maltose by the action of:
Maltase
Invertase
Amylase
Sucrase
() c
217. Lacteals are found in:
Kidneys
Intestinal villi
Liver
Lungs
() b
218. Cholagogues stimulate the secretion of:
Saliva
Bile
Gastric juice
Intestinal juice
() b
219. A person is eating boiled potato. One of the food components in it is:
Lactose which is indigestible
Starch which does not get digested
DNA which gets digested by pancreatic DNase
Cellulose which is digested by cellulase
() b
220. A person deficient in the visual pigment rhodopsin should be advised to take more of:
Apple and grapes
Carrot and papaya
Mango and potato
Guava and banana
() b
221. What is common among amylase, rennin and trypsin?
These are all proteins
These act at a pH lower than 7
These are produced in stomach
These are all proteolytic enzymes
() a
222. Sodium taurocholate in bile aids in:
Absorption
Defecation
Assimilation
Emulsification
() d
223. When breast feeding is replaced by less nutritive food low in proteins and calories; infants below the age of one year are likely to suffer from:
Pellagra
Rickets
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
() c
224. Match the names of glands listed under Column I with the location given under Column II:
Crypts of Lieberkuhn — Intestine
Pancreas — Loop of duodenum
Adrenal gland — Kidney
Gastric gland — Stomach
() All correct
225. When teeth are similar cone-shaped, it is called:
Acrodont
Heterodont
Homodont
Diphyodont
() c
226. The total number of canines in the permanent dental set of humans is:
12
4
8
6
() b
227. A dental disease characterized by mottling of teeth is due to the excess of certain chemical element in drinking water. Which element?
Boron
Mercury
Fluorine
Chlorine
() c
228. Osteomalacia in adults is caused due to the deficiency of:
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
() a
229. The vitamin nicotinamide can be synthesized in our body from:
Tyrosine
Valine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
() d
230. Which of the following is the matching pair of deficient nutrient and resulting disease with swollen lips, thick pigmented skin of hands and legs, irritability?
Iodine — Goitre
Niacin — Pellagra
Thiamine — Beri-beri
Protein — Kwashiorkor
() b
231. Cyanocobalamine is essential for the maturation of:
RBCs
Lymph
WBCs
Platelets
() a
232. Stool of a person contains whitish grey colour due to malfunction of which organ?
Kidney
Liver
Spleen
Pancreas
() b
233. Function of gall bladder is:
Storage of bile
Formation of enzymes
Secretion of bile
Formation of bile salts
() a
234. Among energy values of nutrients, 9.3 calories is that of:
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Carbohydrates
() a
235. In mammals, the digestion of starch starts from:
Mouth
Stomach
Duodenum
Oesophagus
() a
236. If the chyme of a person who had orally consumed only starch is analysed before it enters the duodenum, it will show the presence of:
Maltose and glucose
Dextrin and maltose
Starch, dextrin and maltose
Starch, dextrin and glucose
() c
237. Which of the following processes need not take place when glucose is eaten?
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
() b
238. Which of the following controls the peristaltic movement of intestine?
Sacral plexus
Discoidal plexus
Brachial plexus
Auerbach's plexus
() d
239. Which of the followings represent bile salts?
Bilirubin and Biliverdin
Bilirubin and Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin and Biliverdin
Sodium glycocholate and Taurocholate
() d
240. Kupffer cells are found in:
Liver
Pancreas
Small intestine
Large intestine
() a
241. Which of the followings is an essential amino acid?
Serine
Cysteine
Glycine
Phenylalanine
() d
242. Animals eating own faecal matter are:
Detritivorous
Coprophagous
Frugivorous
Sanguinivorous
() b
243. People recovering from long illness are often advised to include the alga Spirulina in their diet because it:
Is rich in proteins
Has antibiotic properties
Makes the food easy to digest
Restores the intestinal microflora
() a
244. During prolonged fasting, in what sequence are organic compounds used up by the body?
First carbohydrates, Next fats and Lastly proteins
First fats, Next carbohydrates and Lastly proteins
First carbohydrates, Next proteins and Lastly lipids
First proteins, Next lipids and Lastly carbohydrates
() a
245. Shark and cod liver oil are rich in:
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin B
() c
246. Which one of the following mineral elements plays important role in biological nitrogen fixation?
Zinc
Copper
Molybdenum
Manganese
() c
247. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Vitamin C — Scurvy
Vitamin B1 — Pellagra
Vitamin B6 — Beri-beri
Vitamin B12 — Pernicious anaemia
() b
248. Cobalt as a rare element is essential in the synthesis of this vitamin:
Vitamin C
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6
() c
249. Deficiency of tocopherol in the human body causes this condition:
Scurvy
Pellagra
Beri-beri
Infertility
() d
250. Vitamin D is produced in human body by:
Skin
Nerves
Muscles
None of these
() a
251. Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of collagen?
Vitamin B1
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
() b
252. Which of the following is not water soluble?
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B2
Vitamin K
Biotin
() c
253. FAD is a component of:
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B2
Vitamin B6
Vitamin C
() b
254. A doctor advises a patient to include yellow fruits, carrots and butter in his diet. Which deficiency disease is the patient suffering from?
Night blindness
Colour blindness
Kwashiorkor disease
Marasmus disease
() a
255. The absorption of glycerol, fatty acids and monoglycerides takes place through the:
Colon
Wall of the stomach
Capillaries within the villi
Lymph vessels within the villi
() d
256. Match the type of cells listed under Column I and their secretions in Column II:
Peptic cells — Pro-enzymes
Oxyntic cells — HCl
Goblet cells — Mucus
Alkaline fluid — none
() All correct
257. Continued consumption of a diet rich in butter, red meat and eggs for a long period may lead to:
Vitamin toxicity
Kidney stones
Hypercholesterolemia
Urine laden with ketone bodies
() c
258. The first process in the digestion and assimilation of fats is:
Emulsification
Enzymatic action
Absorption by lacteals
Storage in adipose tissue
() a
259. Which of the following is a protein deficiency disease?
Osteomalacia
Kwashiorkor
Pellagra
Rickets
() b
260. Gastric juice has a pH of about:
1–3
4–5
6–7
7–8
() a
261. Niacin deficiency leads to:
Scurvy
Pellagra
Osteomalacia
Marasmus
() b
262. One of the cyanobacteria rich in vitamin B12, carotenoids, iron and other essential nutrients, now used as nutritional supplements, is:
Nostoc
Spirulina
Anacystis
Anabaena
() b
263. pH at which pepsin acts is:
5.8
6.8
7.0
2.0
() d
264. Submaxillary glands of rabbit pour their secretions through:
Stenson's duct
Wharton's duct
Naso-palatine duct
None of these
() b
265. Saliva contains the enzyme:
Amylase
Maltase
Invertase
Sucrase
() a
266. Fats absorbed into lacteals as chylomicrons are:
Glycerol
Fatty acids
Triglycerides
Monoglycerides
() c
267. Identify the correct set which shows the name of the enzymes, where it is secreted and substrate upon which it acts:
Pepsin — Stomach wall — Casein
Ptyalin — Salivary gland — Starch
Chymotrypsin — Pancreas — Protein
Ptyalin — Intestine — Lactose
() a
268. The digestion of starch by amylase is completed in the:
Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
() d
269. Excessive stimulation of vagus nerve in humans may lead to:
Hoarse voice
Peptic ulcers
Efficient digestion of proteins
Irregular contractions of diaphragm
() b
270. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
Vitamin B2 — Pellagra
Vitamin B12 — Pernicious anaemia
Vitamin B1 — Loss of appetite
Vitamin B1 — Beri-beri
() c
271. Which one of the following is the correct matching of a vitamin, its nature and its deficiency disease?
Vitamin K — Fat soluble — Beri-beri
Vitamin A — Fat soluble — Beri-beri
Vitamin K — Water soluble — Pellagra
Vitamin A — Fat soluble — Night blindness
() d
272. The richest sources of vitamin B12 are:
Carrot and Chicken's breast
Goat's liver and Spirulina
Chocolate and Green gram
Rice and Hen's egg
() b
273. The enzyme which hydrolyses triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol is called:
Pepsin
Lipase
Maltase
Zymase
() b
274. Select the mismatch between a vitamin and its deficiency disease:
Niacin — Damage to skin and lining of intestine
Thiamine — Damage to nerves and heart
Riboflavin — Slow clotting of blood
Ascorbic acid — Scurvy
() c
275. Carboxypeptidase is an enzyme secreted by:
Stomach
Pancreas
Intestine
Salivary gland
() b
276. Match the following enzymes with their substrates:
Ptyalin — Starch
Pepsin — Proteins
Steapsin — Lipids
Nuclease — DNA
() All correct
277. The amount of bile released is in proportion to the amount of:
Fat in meal
Protein in meal
Carbohydrate in meal
() a
278. Just as hydrochloric acid is for pepsinogen, so is the:
Bile juice for fat
Glucagon for glycogen
Haemoglobin for oxygen
Enterokinase for trypsinogen
() d
279. What are the functions of goblet cells?
Production of HCl
Production of mucin
Production of enzyme
Production of hormone
() b
280. Which of the human teeth help in cutting?
Molar
Incisor
Canine
Premolar
() b
281. Peptic cells secrete:
HCl
Pepsin
Gastrin
Cholecystokinin
() b
282. Enzyme rennin used in digestion is secreted in:
Intestine
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
() b
283. A patient is advised to consume more meat, lentils, milk and eggs when he suffers from:
Scurvy
Rickets
Anaemia
Kwashiorkor
() c
284. Kwashiorkor is caused by deficiency of:
Calories
Hormone
Zwitter ion
Essential amino acids
() d
285. Which of the following vitamins is required for activation or acts as coenzyme of dehydrogenases?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
() b
286. Fat soluble vitamin is:
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
() d
287. Which of the following vitamins is water soluble as well as antioxidant?
Vitamin B1
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
() d
288. Match the nutritional/vitamin deficiencies with causes/deficiencies:
Disease/Condition vs Deficiency
Column I (Disease/Condition)
Column II (Deficiency)
A. Kwashiorkor
Protein
B. General anaemia
Iron
C. Dermatitis
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
D. Marasmus
Calories
E. Bleeding
Menadione (Vitamin K)
A=p, B=t, C=q, D=r, E=s
A=t, B=q, C=r, D=s, E=p
A=q, B=r, C=s, D=p, E=t
A=r, B=p, C=t, D=s, E=q
()
289. Erythrocyte maturing factor is:
Folic acid
Vitamin C
Vitamin B2
Cyanocobalamine
() d
290. How many human teeth appear twice during the life span of an individual?
16
32
22
20
() a
291. Caloric value for carbohydrates, proteins and fats is:
50 cal, 4.68 cal and 50 cal respectively
40 cal, 80 cal and 100 cal respectively
4.1 cal, 5.65 cal and 9.45 cal respectively
5.68 cal, 100 cal and 30 cal respectively
() c
292. For the absorption of digestive material, structure found in epithelium of digestive tract is:
Zymogen granules
Microvilli
Peyer's patches
None of these
() b
293. A lubricant, mucin in saliva is made up of:
Myosin
Glycoprotein
Polysaccharides
Phospholipids
() b
294. Which one of the following elements is essential for the life of animal and not for plants?
Calcium
Iodine
Phosphorus
Potassium
() b
295. Which group of three statements contains all correct statements regarding beri-beri?
1, 2 and 4
2, 4 and 5
1, 3 and 5
2, 3 and 5
() b
296. Epithelial cells of the intestine involved in food absorption have on their surface:
Microvilli
Pinocytic vesicles
Zymogen granules
Phagocytic vesicles
() a
297. Sequence of food materials consumed during starvation is:
Carbohydrate → Protein → Fat
Protein → Fat → Carbohydrate
Fat → Carbohydrate → Protein
Carbohydrate → Fats → Proteins
() d
298. Statement (A): The human small intestine is the longest portion in the alimentary canal. Statement (B): Absorption of digested food requires a very large surface area. Identify correct choice:
Statement (A) is correct and statement (B) is wrong
Statement (A) and (B) are both correct
Both statements are wrong
Statement (B) is correct and statement (A) is wrong
() b
299. The main function of lacteals in the villi of human small intestine is the absorption of:
Glucose and vitamins
Water and mineral salts
Fatty acids and glycerol
Amino acids and glucose
() c
300. The macronutrient which is an essential component of all organic compounds, yet not obtained by plants from soil is:
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Magnesium
() a
301. Salivary amylase was earlier known as:
Ptyalin
Gastrin
Glyoxylase
Pepsin
() a
302. Fat is hydrolysed by enzyme lipase to yield:
Glycerine and water
Glycerol and fatty acids
Glycerol and amino acids
Fatty acids and amino acids
() b
303. Maltase converts:
Maltose to alcohol
Maltose to glucose at pH greater than 7.0
Maltose to glucose at pH lesser than 7.0
Starch to maltose at higher pH than 7.0
() c
304. Dentine is secreted by:
Elaioblast
Osteoblast
Odontoblast
Chondroblast
() c
305. Wisdom teeth in humans is:
3rd molar and 4 in number
3rd molar and 2 in number
2nd molar and 4 in number
2nd molar and 2 in number
() a
306. Which statements are true for Oryctolagus?
1, 2 and 4
1, 4 and 5
1, 2, 4 and 5
3, 4 and 5
() c
307. Which of the following pairs of kind of cells and their secretion are correctly matched?
Oxyntic cells — A secretion with pH between 2.0 and 3.0
Kupffer cells — A digestive enzyme that hydrolyses nucleic acids
Sebaceous glands — A secretion that evaporates for cooling
Alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans — Secretion that decreases blood sugar level
() a
308. In horses, rabbits, hares, cellulose is digested in:
Rumen
Caecum
Stomach
Appendix
() b
309. Which of the following are required in minimum amount by human?
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Zinc, Fluorine
Iron, Iodine, Manganese, Zinc, Hydrogen
Iron, Iodine, Carbon, Manganese, Copper, O2
Iron, Iodine, Manganese, Copper, Zinc, Fluorine
() d
310. How many of the twenty two amino acids are essential amino acids for children?
10
11
() b
311. Liver necrosis and muscular dystrophy are caused by the lack of this trace element:
Zinc
Selenium
Arsenic
Molybdenum
() a
312. Riboflavin is:
Vitamin C
Vitamin B2
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12
() b
313. Examination of blood of a person suspected of having anaemia shows large, immature, nucleated erythrocytes without haemoglobin. Supplementing his diet with which is likely to alleviate symptoms?
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Iron compounds
Folic acid and Cobalamin
() d
314. Larger and fragile RBC with less haemoglobin is due to the deficiency of:
Factor III
Cephalin
Hageman factor
Castle's intrinsic factor
() a
315. Pernicious anaemia is:
Death of WBC
Low RBC count
Lack of RBC maturation
Destruction of young RBC
() c
316. Vitamins produced by symbiotic intestinal bacteria include:
A and B
A and K
B and K
C and D
() c
317. Vitamin C is mainly helpful in:
Growth of bones
Treatment of anaemia
Formation of visual pigment
Formation of connective tissues
() d
318. Liver is able to manufacture vitamin:
() K
319. Which is not used up in human body?
Zinc
Barium
Calcium
Phosphorus
() b
320. Food bolus after passing through alkaline medium is:
Chyle
Chyme
Fat body
Chylomicron
() b
321. In which of the following, putrefying bacteria are present?
Liver
Colon
Stomach
Intestine
() b
322. Which of the following is correct chronological order of enzyme activity of some enzymes taking part in protein digestion?
Pepsin → Trypsin → Peptidase
Pepsin → Peptidase → Trypsin
Trypsin → Peptidase → Pepsin
Peptidase → Trypsin → Pepsin
() a
323. Identify enzymes acting at stages A, B, C and D in carbohydrate digestion:
A = amylase, B = maltase, C = lactase, D = invertase
A = amylase, B = maltase, C = invertase, D = lactase
A = amylase, B = invertase, C = maltase, D = lactase
A = amylase, B = lactase, C = maltase, D = invertase
() a
324. The digestive enzyme that is not found in human pancreatic juice is:
Lipase
Trypsin
Amylase
Nuclease
(Nucleotidase) e
325. Chylomicrons are concerned with:
Digestion of fats
Absorption of fats
Absorption of proteins
Digestion of proteins
() b
326. Yellow colour of faeces is due to:
Bile secretion
Green colour of bile juice
Excessive diet of turmeric
Degradation product of haemoglobin
() d
327. Secretion of gastric juice is controlled by:
Gastrin
Enterogastrin
Cholecystokinin
None of these
() a
328. Pancreatic secretion and gall bladder contractions are stimulated by:
Gastrin
Enterocrinin
Enterogastrone
Cholecystokinin
() d
329. The juice containing sodium glycocholate is released under the influence of:
Secretin
Enterokinin
Cholecystokinin
Enterogastrone
() c
330. Assertion (A): Thick layers of muscles are present in the wall of alimentary canal. Reason (R): These muscles help in mixing food with enzymes. Identify correct option:
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A)
Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not correct explanation of (A)
(A) is true statement but (R) is false
Both (A) and (R) are false
() a
331. Nuhn's glands are present in:
Skin
Tongue
Stomach
Intestine
() b
332. Correct dental formula for child aged 5–6 years:
i = 2/2, c=1/1, pm=0/0, m=2/2
i=2/2, c=1/1, pm=2/2, m=3/3
i=1/1, c=2/2, pm=2/2, m=3/3
i=2/2, c=2/2, pm=1/1
() a
333. Find out the correct match: Column I vs Column II (Submucosal glands, Base of villi, Glisson's capsule, Gall bladder, Hepato-pancreatic duct, Serous glands)
Brunner's glands — Submucosal glands
Crypts of Lieberkuhn — Base of villi
Hepatic lobule — Glisson's capsule
Cystic duct — Gall bladder
(Sphincter of Oddi — Hepato-pancreatic duct) All correct
334. Which of the following are fat soluble vitamins?
I and 2 are correct
2 and 4 are correct
1 and 3 are correct
1, 2 and 3 are correct
() c
335. The deficiency of which vitamin causes keratomalacia?
Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
() c
336. Which of the following is not a source of vitamin A?
Apple
Yeast
Carrot
Mango
() a
337. Deficiency causes loss of appetite, mental confusion, fatigue and muscle depreciation:
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Vitamin C
Vitamin K
() a
338. Consider statements: I. Nicotinamide is antipellagra vitamin present in milk, yeast, meat, leafy vegs. II. Crypts of Lieberkuhn are in liver. III. Steapsin is pancreatic amylase. Identify correct:
I and 2 correct
2 and 3 correct
I and 3 incorrect
I and 3 correct
(2 and 3 incorrect) c
339. Cod and shark liver oil is a source of:
Energetic nutrients
Protective nutrients
Constructive nutrients
Energetic and constructive nutrients
(Protective and constructive nutrients) e
340. Zn, Mo, Fe, Cu are:
Trace elements
Non-essential elements
Macro nutrients
None of these
() a
341. Which of the following is a microelement?
Potassium
Manganese
Phosphorus
Magnesium
() b
342. Carbohydrates ingested in the diet are hydrolysed by the enzyme:
Pepsin
Cellulase
α-amylase
Glycosidase
() c
343. Digestion of protein is completed in:
Stomach
Duodenum
Ileum
Both duodenum and ileum
() d
344. Secretion of the bile is proportional to the concentration of:
Fat
Protein
Carbohydrate
None of these
() a
345. Part of bile juice useful in digestion is:
Bile salt
Bile pigment
Bile matrix
All of these
() a
346. Prorennin is secreted by:
Sertoli cells
Hepatocytes
Zymogen cells
Islets of Langerhans
() c
347. Succus entericus is secreted by:
Crypts of Lieberkuhn
Brunner's gland
Both Crypts of Lieberkuhn and Brunner's gland
None of these
() c
348. Find out the correctly matched pair:
HCl — Oxyntic cells
Ptyalin — Salivary glands
Mucus — Goblet cells
Pepsinogen — Zymogenic cells
(Pancreatic juice — Acinar cells) All correct
349. Enzyme pepsin acts in:
Mouth
Intestine
Acidic medium in the pancreas
Acidic medium in the stomach
() d
350. Which of the following process will be affected by the absence of enterokinase?
Amylose → Maltose
Proteoses → Dipeptide
Dipeptides → Amino acids
Lipid → Fatty acid + Glycerol
() c
351. Which has the highest pH?
Bile
Gastric juice
Pancreatic juice
Secretions of intestinal glands
() a
352. Proteolytic enzymes present in pancreatic juice are:
Pepsin and Elastase
Pepsin and Salivary amylase
Elastase and Chymotrypsin
Pepsin, Elastase and Salivary amylase
() c
353. Secretin hormone is secreted by:
Liver
Pancreas
Intestine
Brunner's gland
() c
354. Secretin and cholecystokinin are digestive hormones secreted in:
Ileum
Duodenum
Oesophagus
Pyloric stomach
() b
355. Enterogastrone is:
Enzyme secreted by mucosa
Hormone secreted by gastric mucosa
Hormone secreted by intestinal mucosa
Secreted by endocrine gland related to digestion
() c
356. Fat-soluble vitamin and its related deficiency disease:
Ascorbic acid — Scurvy
Cobalamin — Beri-beri
Calciferol — Pellagra
Retinol — Xerophthalmia
() d
357. Water-soluble vitamin:
Vitamin K
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin E
() c
358. Vitamin D is produced in human body by:
Skin
Muscles
Nerves
None of these
() a
359. Beri-beri, a paralytic disease caused by deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine), was discovered by:
Funk
Stanley
Eijkman
G.E. Foxon
() c
360. Correctly matched vitamin:
Vitamin B — Calciferol
Vitamin A — Thiamine
Vitamin D — Riboflavin
Vitamin E — Tocopherol
() d
361. Bile can be prevented from releasing into duodenum by:
Pyloric valve
Sphincter of Oddi
Cardiac sphincter
Sphincter of Boyden
() b
362. Which part of body secretes hormone secretin?
Ileum
Stomach
Duodenum
Oesophagus
() c
363. Correct matching of site of action, enzyme and end product:
Stomach — Fats — Micelles
Duodenum — Triglycerides — Monoglycerides
Small intestine — Starch — Disaccharide (Maltose) — Amylase
Small intestine — Proteins — Amino acids — Pepsin
() c
364. If secretion of parietal cells of gastric glands is blocked:
Gastric juice deficient in chymosin
Gastric juice deficient in pepsinogen
Inactive pepsinogen not converted to active pepsin
Enterokinase not released, so trypsinogen not converted to trypsin
() c
365. In humans, sphincter of Oddi is associated with the opening of:
Oesophagus
Pyloric stomach
Common hepatic duct
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
() d
366. Structure present in man but absent in frog:
Pancreas
Adrenal gland
Thyroid gland
Salivary gland
() b
367. Rabbit is:
Herbivore
Carnivore
Both herbivore and carnivore
Sanguivore
() a
368. Important for muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission:
Mg ions
Ca ions
Fe2+ ions
Both Mg and Ca ions
() b
369. Macromineral essential for synthesis of insulin:
Sulphur
Iodine
Chlorine
Magnesium
() a
370. Bile salts act as activator of which enzyme?
Lipase
Pepsinogen
Trypsinogen
Pancreatic amylase
() a
371. Keratinization of the skin is prevented by:
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
() c
372. Which of the following cannot be isolated from plants?
Niacin
Vitamin C
Riboflavin
Vitamin B12
() d
373. Hormone that helps in secretion of HCl from stomach:
Gastrin
Rennin
Secretin
Somatomedin
() a
374. Dentition in man is:
Acrodont and homodont
Acrodont, heterodont and diphyodont
Thecodont, heterodont and diphyodont
Thecodont, homodont and polyphyodont
(Thecodont, heterodont and polyphyodont) c
375. Food components in humans that reach the stomach totally undigested:
Starch and Fat
Fat and Cellulose
Protein and Starch
Starch and Cellulose
() b
376. Yellow color of infant stools while feeding on breast milk is due to:
Pancreatic juice poured into duodenum
Bile pigments passed through bile juice
Undigested milk protein casein
Intestinal juice
() b
377. True statement regarding digestion and absorption of food in humans:
About 60% of starch is hydrolysed by salivary amylase in mouth
Oxyntic cells in stomach secrete pepsinogen
Fructose and amino acids absorbed through intestinal mucosa with Na+ carrier ions
Chylomicrons are transported from intestine into blood capillaries
() d
378. Inadequate protein intake leads to Kwashiorkor. Oedema is due to inadequate synthesis of:
Insulin
Albumin
Glucagon
Gamma globulin
() b
379. Malnutrition disease in man is:
Cri-du-chat syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Pot belly syndrome
Edward syndrome
() c
380. Blood sugar level falls rapidly after hepatectomy (Statement A). Glycogen of liver is main source of blood sugar (Statement B). Choose correct:
Statement A is wrong and Statement B is correct
Both A and B are correct, B is not reason for A
Both A and B are correct, B is reason for A
Statement A is correct and Statement B is wrong
() c
381. Essential and non-essential amino acids:
Lysine — Leucine
Methionine — Threonine
Valine — Tyrosine
Alanine — Cystine
() a
382. Which of the following is not a micronutrient?
Zinc
Boron
Magnesium
Molybdenum
() c
383. Antihemorrhage vitamin is:
Vitamin K
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin B
() a
384. Vitamin with physiological effects similar to parathormone:
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Vitamin B
() b
385. Carrier ions like Na facilitate absorption of:
