1. Phylum
    2. 1. Classification of Animals
    2. Protozoa
    3. Porifera
    4. Coelenterata
    5. Platyhelminthes
    6. Nemathelminthes
    7. Annelida
    8. Earthworm
    9. Arthropoda
    10. Cockroach
    11. Mosquito
    12. Honey bee and Silk moth
    13. Mollusca
    14. Echinodermata
    15. Hemichordata
    16. Chordata
    17. Pisces
    18. Amphibia
    19. Frog
    20. Reptile
    21. Aves
    22. Mammalia
    23. Rabbit bone
  2. Animal Behaviour and Adaptation
    3. 24. Animal behaviour
    25. Animal adaptation
    26. Migration
  3. Developmental Biology
    4. 27. Development of Animals
    28. Development of Frog
  4. Human Biology
    5. 29. Tissues
    30. Sense organs
    31. Digestive system
    32. Circulatory system
    33. Respiratory system
    34. Nervous system
    35. Endocrine system
    36. Reproductive system
    37. Excretory system
    38. Skeletal system
    39. Basic concept of Immunology
    40. Human diseases
  5. Evolutionary Biology
    6. 41. Origin of Life
    42. Organic Evolution
    43. Theories of Evolution
    44. Evolution of Human beings
    45. Horse Evolution
Animal Behaviour and Adaptation
24. Animal behaviour
TAXES
▢ Klinotaxis:
❖ Description:
  1. Zig-zag movement
  2. Undulating movement
  3. Movement by comparing the intensities of stimulation on two sides of the body.
  4. By bending right and left in response to stimulus until the receptors of two sides are equally stimulated.
❖ Examples:
◉ Shown by: organism that bear receptor but no sense organs.
◉ Organisms:
  1. Euglena
  2. Planaria
  3. Earthworm
▢ Tropotaxis:
❖ Description:
  1. Behaviour response of bilaterally symmetrical animals
  2. due to stimulus leading to orientation of the body straight towards the stimulus is known as tropotaxis.
❖ Examples:
◉ Organisms:
  1. Argulus (Fish louse)
  2. Planaria
  3. Grayling butterflies 🦋
◉ Characteristics:
  1. Always orient towards the sun ☀ by turning to that position in which both their eyes are equally stimulated.
  2. If one of their eyes is made blind, they move in a circle.
▢ Telotaxis:
❖ Description: If two source of stimuli of same intensity operate at the same time, the bilaterally symmetrical animals will orient at any one of the stimuli but not intermediate or both. It is known as Telotaxis.
❖ Examples:
  1. Honey bees going for foraging in the morning. [IOM 2008]
  2. Orientation of Dragon 🐲 fly towards its prey.
▢ Menotaxis:
❖ Description:
  1. Orientation of the body at a Constant angle to the source of stimulus.
  2. Also known as 'Light Compass ☼ response'.
❖ Examples:
  1. Ants
  2. Honeybee
▢ Mnemotaxis:
❖ Description:
◉ Definition: Orientation of animals depending on some Complex stimuli
◉ Stimuli_types:
  1. Direction
  2. Landmarks
  3. Trail of chemical, etc.
◉ Note: Removal of any of the landmarks may change the path while returning to nest.
❖ Examples:
  1. Hunting wasps